<![CDATA[The development of modern medicine places radiology as a crucial pillar in the diagnostic process, but on the other hand, it opens up the potential for misdiagnosis with legal implications. Radiologists have a professional responsibility to establish accurate diagnoses based on medical practice standards. However, negligence or deviations can lead to malpractice issues. Legal reforms in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health bring significant changes to the concept of responsibility for medical personnel, including radiologists, by more firmly regulating criminal, civil, administrative, and disciplinary liability mechanisms. Furthermore, technical regulations such as Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 of 2020 concerning Clinical Radiology Services, as well as regulations of the Indonesian Medical Council and the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) regarding radiation safety, provide a comprehensive normative foundation for professional standards and patient safety. This study uses a normative-juridical method with a statutory regulatory approach and analysis of jurisprudential cases to examine the extent to which legal reforms provide certainty and protection for both patients and medical personnel. The study's findings indicate that despite increasingly clear legal frameworks, there remains overlap in the application of criminal and administrative sanctions, as well as challenges in distinguishing inherent medical risks from criminally punishable negligence. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, strengthening of radiology practice standards, and a fair and balanced medical dispute resolution mechanism are needed.]]>
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