Formulasi dan Evaluasi Body Lotion Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) sebagai Antibakteri: Formulation and Evaluation of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Peel Extract Body Lotion as an Antibacterial Agent

Maida Safitri (Politeknik Kesehatan TNI AU Ciumbuleuit)
Nadilla Ananda Subianto (Politeknik Kesehatan TNI AU Ciumbuleuit)

Jurnal Ilmiah JKA (Jurnal Kesehatan Aeromedika)
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah JKA (Jurnal Kesehatan Aeromedika)

Kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan sediaan body lotion dari ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis, mengevaluasi mutu fisiknya, menentukan formula yang paling unggul, serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Tiga formula dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, dan 15% dievaluasi secara fisik meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, dan pH. Ketiga formula memenuhi standar mutu fisik yang dipersyaratkan, dengan formula III (konsentrasi 15%) menghasilkan performa paling unggul, yaitu daya sebar 5 cm, daya lekat 4,11 detik, viskositas 5.840 cP, dan pH 7. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi cakram menunjukkan zona hambat formula I sebesar 9,9 mm (kategori sedang), formula II 13,5 mm (kategori kuat), dan formula III 16,15 mm (kategori kuat), dibandingkan kontrol positif sebesar 21,85 mm dan kontrol negatif yang tidak menghasilkan zona hambat. Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan (F = 4,648; Sig. = 0,000). Berdasarkan evaluasi fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri secara keseluruhan, formula III dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 15% dinyatakan sebagai formula paling unggul. Abstract Lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) contains secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which have potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate a body lotion containing lime peel extract, evaluate its physical quality, determine the best formulation, and assess its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Three formulations containing 5%, 10%, and 15% lime peel extract were evaluated for physical properties, including organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH. All formulations met the required quality standards; however, Formula III (15% concentration) demonstrated the best overall performance, with a spreadability of 5 cm, an adhesiveness of 4.11 seconds, a viscosity of 5,840 cP, and a pH of 7. The antibacterial activity of all formulations was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion method. The inhibition zones produced by Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III were 9.9 mm, 13.5 mm, and 16.15 mm, respectively, compared with 21.85 mm for the positive control and no inhibition zone for the negative control. One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference among treatment groups (F = 4.648; Sig. = 0.000). Based on the overall physical evaluation and antibacterial activity, Formula III was identified as the optimal formulation.