<![CDATA[This study aims to improve the fundamental volleyball passing skills—specifically underhand passing—among fifth-grade students at SDN 2 Bakan, Central Lombok, through the implementation of paired training variations. Physical education in elementary schools often encounters challenges such as monotonous teaching methods and low student engagement, which directly result in suboptimal motor skill achievement. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) methodology, structured across two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection phases. The subjects were 26 fifth-grade students. Quantitative data were gathered through standardized practical performance tests of underhand passing, while qualitative data were obtained via field observation sheets and documentation. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students' passing technical mastery and learning completeness. In the pre-cycle phase, only 30.77% of students (8 students) achieved the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM ≥ 75) with a class average score of 62.45. Following the implementation of paired practice variations in Cycle I, the classical completeness rose to 61.54% (16 students) with an average score of 72.10. Further refinements in Cycle II, incorporating progressive distance adjustments and interactive drills, boosted the classical completeness to 88.46% (23 students) with a class average of 83.30, successfully exceeding the target indicator of 80%. Paired practice variations effectively foster active participation, mutual feedback, and technical precision in elementary physical education.]]>
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