<![CDATA[Land acquisition for public-interest development requires a legal mechanism capable of balancing the need to accelerate infrastructure development with the protection of landowners’ rights. One of the mechanisms provided by Indonesian law is consignment, namely the deposit of compensation with the District Court when compensation cannot be directly delivered to the entitled party because of refusal, uncertainty regarding the entitled party’s whereabouts, or other legally recognized circumstances. This study aims to analyze the implementation of land consignment at the Gresik District Court from the perspective of the public-interest principle, with particular attention to legal certainty, protection of landowners’ rights, judicial procedures, and practical obstacles. The study employs empirical juridical research using structural and socio-legal approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews and observations involving judges, court clerks, and bailiffs at the Gresik District Court, while secondary data consisted of legislation, court decisions, legal literature, and relevant academic publications. The findings indicate that consignment procedures at the Gresik District Court have generally been implemented through registration, administrative verification, payment of the consignment amount, judicial examination, notification or offer of compensation, and judicial determination. Data from 2021–2025 show that consignment applications were associated with major public-interest infrastructure projects, particularly the Krian–Legundi–Bunder–Manyar Toll Road and flood-control infrastructure. However, implementation remains constrained by limited access to consignment information, unresolved ownership disputes, difficulties in identifying or locating entitled parties, and uncertainty concerning the period for depositing and withdrawing compensation. The study concludes that consignment can function as an instrument for balancing development interests and landowners’ rights only when procedural legality is accompanied by meaningful protection, transparency, and effective judicial supervision.Keywords: Land Consignment; Land Acquisition; Public Interest; Judicial Practice; Legal Certainty; Landowners’ Rights.]]>
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