Birokrasi, Sosialisasi Kebijakan BPJS, dan Pembentukan Persepsi Publik: Analisis Teori Birokrasi Max Weber

Marwa Ulfa (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta)
Radita Gora Tayibnapis (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta)
Farida Hariyati (Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka)

Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, September

This study aims to analyze the influence of the bureaucracy of the new BPJS regulations and policy information/dissemination on the formation of public perceptions and to explain these findings from the perspective of Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy. The study employs a quantitative approach using a survey of 452 BPJS users in East Jakarta and West Jakarta, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression. The findings show that understanding and implementation of BPJS regulations have a strong relationship with public perceptions, with a correlation coefficient of 0.621 and a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05), R² = 0.385, and a regression coefficient of 0.800. Meanwhile, information and dissemination of BPJS regulations demonstrate a stronger relationship with public perceptions, with a correlation coefficient of 0.647, a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05), R² = 0.418, and a regression coefficient of 0.746. The survey findings also indicate that 77% of respondents had never accessed the official BPJS website, 60% were aware of the new regulations, and 51% were aware of the controversy surrounding the policy, while social media was the primary source of information, accounting for 47%. These findings indicate that limited access to official information may widen information asymmetry and influence how the public understands BPJS bureaucratic regulations. Theoretically, this study extends the application of Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy by demonstrating that bureaucratic effectiveness is determined not only by the existence of legal-rational rules but also by an organization’s ability to communicate regulations clearly, transparently, and in an accessible manner to the public. Thus, policy dissemination functions as a communication mechanism connecting legal-rational authority, procedural certainty, and the formation of public perceptions of public policy.