<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the determination of suspects in health crimes based on the doctrine of inclusion ( deelneming ) and the limits of pretrial examination authority , as well as its relevance as learning material for criminal law . This study uses a normative juridical method with a case approach to Decision Number 13/ Pid.Pra /2026/PN Ptk . The analysis focuses on the application of Article 55 paragraph (1) ke-1 of the Criminal Code regarding inclusion in qualified offenses ( kwaliteitsdelict ), fulfillment of the requirements for determining suspects , and pretrial authority in testing the validity of investigative procedures . The results of the study indicate that not fulfilling the qualifications of the main legal subject in the provisions of health crimes does not necessarily eliminate criminal liability if a person is proven to be involved as a participant based on the provisions of inclusion . The investigation process must also be based on the fulfillment of procedural provisions and the sufficiency of initial evidence . Meanwhile , proving whether or not the elements of a criminal act and material inclusion are fulfilled is the realm of the main case examination , not the pretrial examination .]]>
Copyrights © 2026
