Jurnal Linears
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal LINEARS

Life Cycle Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beam Work for Environmental Hotspot Identification and Mitigation

Tsulis Iq'bal Khairul Amar (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Alfia Magfirona (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Nabil Belantara Kusuma (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Aditya Restu Hapriyanto (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Sep 2026

Abstract

Reinforced concrete structural work requires substantial materials, energy, and transportation, which may generate environmental burdens throughout construction-related processes. This study identifies environmental hotspots in reinforced-concrete beam work and establishes mitigation priorities using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted on Project X in Magelang Regency by aggregating two beam groups into one beam-work system comprising 1,935.78 kg of reinforcing steel, 42.805 m² of formwork, and 4.290 m³ of ready-mix concrete. The functional unit was defined as 1 m³ of installed reinforced-concrete beam work, while the system boundary covered material production, transportation to the construction site, and construction activities. Modelling used SimaPro-derived inventory data and ecoinvent datasets with ReCiPe 2008 Midpoint (H) v1.13. The climate-change impact was approximately 5.62 × 10³ kg CO₂ eq, equivalent to about 1.31 × 10³ kg CO₂ eq/m³. Reinforcing steel was the principal hotspot, contributing approximately 69.6%, followed by cement at 21.5% and plywood at 4.3%. Sensitivity analyses of concrete composition, steel representation, formwork reuse, and transportation confirmed that reinforcing steel remained the dominant hotspot. Literature-based validation indicates that mitigation should prioritize reinforcement efficiency, fabrication-waste reduction, lower-impact steel procurement, cement efficiency, formwork reuse, and logistics optimization.      

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

linears

Publisher

Subject

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Description

Jurnal LINEARS adalah sebuah media publikasi Jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar (UNISMUH) bekerja sama dengan Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia (IAI). Tujuannya adalah sebagai media komunikasi, desiminasi dan pertukaran informasi dunia arsitektur ...