<![CDATA[This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that examines the transformation of public services from a manual system to a digital e-government-based system in Indonesia. Using the PRISMA 2020 protocol and bibliometric analysis via VOSviewer, a total of 30 articles from the Google Scholar, SINTA, and Scopus databases spanning various national and international journals indexed from 2022 to 2026 were systematically analyzed. The study’s focus encompasses three main themes: (1) the transformation from manual to digital services, (2) the evaluation of regional public service applications, and (3) critical success factors for e-government implementation. The study’s findings identified two thematic clusters and seven critical success factors. The implementation of public service digitalization in Indonesia still faces significant challenges, including gaps in public digital literacy,limitations in technological infrastructure in remote areas, and bureaucratic resistance. Technology-based innovations such as mobile applications, integrated service portals, big data, and blockchain demonstrate great potential in enhancing efficiency, transparency, and public satisfaction. This study recommends strengthening inclusive digital policies, enhancing the capacity of civil service personnel, and developing equitable digital infrastructure as prerequisites for the success of the national e-government transformation. The study’s limitations include the exclusive use of sources in Indonesian and English, as well as the exclusion of gray literature. ]]>
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