<![CDATA[Background: Indonesia's manufacturing sector contributes substantially to global energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions, yet renewable energy accounts for only about 15% of industrial energy use. Although relevant policies are in place, food and beverage manufacturers continue to encounter technical, financial, and institutional barriers to integrating clean energy. Objective: This study aims to examine the associations of technical, economic, policy, and energy management factors with the optimization of renewable energy utilization in Indonesia's food and beverage manufacturing industry. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 102 stakeholders in the food and beverage manufacturing industry who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, t-tests, an F-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²). Results: The results indicate that, collectively, technical, economic, policy, and energy management factors are significantly associated with renewable energy optimization (F = 577.237, p < 0.05). Individually, technical factors (t = 4.592, p < 0.05) and policy factors (t = 4.653, p < 0.05) show positive and significant associations, whereas economic and energy management factors do not show significant associations. The R² value of 0.958 suggests that the model explains a substantial proportion of the variance, although this finding should be interpreted with caution given the characteristics of the sample. Conclusion: The optimization of renewable energy utilization in the manufacturing industry is more strongly associated with technological readiness and policy support than with economic and energy management factors.]]>
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