<![CDATA[The ontological foundation of knowledge determines how reality is understood and consequently shapes epistemological orientation, scientific methods, and the objectives of knowledge development. Contemporary scientific discourse has largely been influenced by the Western ontological tradition, which emphasizes empirical and rational foundations, whereas the Islamic worldview constructs ontology upon the integrated relationship between revelation, reason, and empirical experience. Although numerous studies have discussed ontology from either Western or Islamic perspectives, limited attention has been given to reconstructing their ontological foundations as a conceptual basis for knowledge integration. This study aims to reconstruct the ontology of knowledge from Western and Islamic perspectives and examine its implications for the development of an integrated scientific paradigm. Employing a qualitative library research design, the study analyzes classical and contemporary philosophical literature through comparative and qualitative content analysis. The findings demonstrate that the fundamental distinction between the two traditions lies not merely in their sources of knowledge but in their underlying conception of reality. The study argues that sustainable knowledge integration requires ontological reconstruction that harmonizes empirical inquiry with transcendental values grounded in the principle of tauhid. This conceptual framework offers a philosophical foundation for developing a more holistic, ethical, and integrative scientific paradigm in higher education and future interdisciplinary research.]]>
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