<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the influence of principal leadership on student achievement and evaluate the comparative roles of teacher competence and facility fulfilment. Using an explanatory quantitative design with path analysis, data were collected from 150 sophomore high school students in Bogor Regency, Indonesia. The findings indicate that principal leadership has a statistically significant influence on students’ academic achievement. Teacher competence and facility fulfilment also significantly influence academic achievement, with facility fulfilment demonstrating a stronger contribution to variance. These findings suggest that school leadership, competent teachers, and adequate facilities are important for improving student achievement. Although teachers remain essential in guiding learning, technological facilities provide a foundation that enables students to engage in independent learning and enhances teachers’ effectiveness. Therefore, when school principals face budget constraints, facility fulfilment should not be viewed as a substitute for teacher development. Instead, investment in facilities should complement teacher development and strengthen the learning environment, enabling teachers and students to achieve best performance.]]>
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