<![CDATA[ Diarrhea remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in settings with limited access to safe water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene practices. This review aimed to identify, map, and analyze evidence on the effects of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions on diarrhea in high-risk areas. A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR framework. Articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and national journal portals. Eligible studies were observational, experimental, or quasi-experimental, published within the last five years, available in full text, and reporting diarrhea-related outcomes. Data were extracted using the Population, Concept, and Context framework and synthesized descriptively and thematically. Of 27 records identified, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that WASH interventions generally support diarrhea reduction, especially when safe water, adequate sanitation, handwashing with soap, household water treatment, and hygiene education are implemented in an integrated manner. Handwashing practices, improved latrine ownership and use, drinking-water quality, contextual vulnerability, and sustained community participation were the most frequently reported determinants. Integrated, context-sensitive, and community-based WASH programs should be prioritized in high-risk areas.]]>
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