<![CDATA[This study examines the associations of parenting practices and religious habituation with students’ Spiritual Quotient at Ummul Quro Islamic Senior High School, Probolinggo. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, 86 students were selected from a population of 112 through simple random sampling. Parenting practices, religious habituation, and Spiritual Quotient were measured using five-point Likert questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, instrument quality testing, regression-assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The multiple regression model was significant, F(2, 83) = 17.64, p < .001, and explained 29.8% of the variance in Spiritual Quotient (R² = .298; adjusted R² = .281). Parenting practices were positively associated with Spiritual Quotient (B = .302, β = .307, t = 2.388, p = .019), and religious habituation was also positively associated with Spiritual Quotient (B = .228, β = .285, t = 2.221, p = .029). These findings indicate that family-based parenting practices and repeated religious activities represent two relevant educational contexts for understanding students’ spiritual development. The study contributes by integrating both predictors within one empirical model in a Madrasah Aliyah setting without assuming causal or mediating mechanisms.]]>
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