<![CDATA[The limited availability of digital teaching materials in physics education highlights the need for educational innovations that can provide engaging, adaptive learning activities focused on developing students’ complex thinking skills. This study aims to develop an integrated E-LKPD using a Game-Based Learning approach to cultivate students’ complex thinking skills in physics education. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method by adapting the Borg and Gall model into seven development stages. Research data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, tests, and validation sheets, then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results indicate that the developed E-LKPD achieved an expert validation rate of 88% for subject matter experts and 95% for media experts, categorized as highly suitable. Educator feedback at 95% and student feedback at 91% indicate that the developed E-LKPD possesses good quality, is engaging, and is suitable for use in physics instruction to foster students’ complex thinking skills. The development of E-LKPD integrated with Game-Based Learning contributes to expanding the design of digital teaching materials that combine game-based activities with indicators of complex thinking skills, while providing a more interactive, contextual, and relevant learning alternative to meet students’ needs]]>
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