<![CDATA[Rapid advances in communication technology during globalization have made bilingualism and multilingualism increasingly common, and Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) are no exception, because Arabic serves as the primary language of daily communication alongside Indonesian and regional languages. This study therefore examines the patterns and practices of language use among students, as well as the forms, nonverbal elements, and underlying factors of code-switching and code-mixing in Arabic communication within a pesantren. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design was employed, with data gathered through passive participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving four ustadzah and four santri. The study contributes to sociolinguistic research by showing that code-switching and code-mixing serve as deliberate communicative and pedagogical resources in a multilingual pesantren, with implications for language policy and for the teaching of Arabic in Islamic educational settings.]]>
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