Air Defense Transformation: Strategy in the Context of Multi-Domain Operations

Ali Mustopo (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia)
Oktaheroe Ramsi (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia)
Rudy AG Gultom (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia)

Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences (FJAS)
Vol. 4 No. 7 (2025): July 2025

This study is grounded in the necessity to integrate military capabilities across land, sea, air, space, and cyber domains to establish an adaptive and responsive air defense system. The objective of this research is to present various air defense strategies developed by different countries within the framework of multi-domain operations and to identify the most effective approaches in addressing the dynamics of modern threats. This study employs a qualitative method through comparative case studies of countries such as the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, which are considered to have progressively adopted multi-domain-based air defense strategies. The analysis highlights the vital role of integrating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data to support real-time threat detection and decision-making processes.