<![CDATA[This study explores the influence of cultural values on Indonesian students' participation in ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms. It aims to identify key cultural values affecting classroom interaction and examine how these values shape students’ engagement behaviors. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and document analysis from two high schools in Riau, Indonesia. Findings indicate that students' participation is significantly shaped by cultural norms such as modesty, deference to authority, and collectivism. A majority of students displayed passive behavior in class, avoiding verbal engagement due to fear of judgment, preference for harmony, and high-context communication tendencies. While many students acknowledged the importance of participation, they preferred written over spoken expression. Teachers were aware of these cultural tendencies and employed strategies like peer collaboration and structured group work to encourage involvement. The study concludes that cultural values must be seen not as obstacles but as key considerations in developing culturally responsive ESL pedagogies. These insights support more inclusive, context-sensitive English language teaching in Indonesia]]>
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