<![CDATA[The purpose of this research is to analyse the students' difficulties in the cognitive aspect based on the mistakes made. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were 25 students of class XI SMK Hidayatul Mubtadi'in Singosari. Instruments in the form of test questions and interviews. The results of this study were (1) students' errors in instrumental understanding, namely comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skills errors, and encoding errors. Student errors are caused by difficulties experienced in the aspects of understanding, applying, and analysing. (2) Students in relational understanding make transformation errors, process skill errors, and encoding errors. Student errors due to difficulties experienced in the aspects of applying and analysing.]]>
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