<![CDATA[The skin is the body's primary protective organ against pathogenic microorganisms, so maintaining skin cleanliness is very important. Liquid soap is becoming an increasingly popular choice because it is practical and hygienic. Product innovation in soap formulation by adding natural ingredients such as rosella flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), which contains flavonoids, anthocyanins, and saponins,has the potential to provide antioxidant and antibacterial benefits. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of rosella flower extract (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on the physical characteristics of liquid soap, including organoleptic testing, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, foam height, and hedonic testing. The extract was obtained using the percolation method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The results showed that the liquid soap containing rosella flower extract met all evaluation criteria for the formulation. The hedonic test conducted by 30 respondents indicated that the formulation with 1% extract (F1) was the most preferred based on color, aroma, and texture. In conclusion, osella flower extract can be used as liquid soap with physical characteristics that meet the requirements in pH testing (6.36–6.90), viscosity (645.0–771.6 cPs), foam height (30.3–42.5 mm), and homogeneity (homogeneous). Statistical tests showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the test parameters (pH, viscosity, and foam height). Meanwhile, Formulation 1 is the best formulation with the highest scores in color and texture parameters in the hedonic test.]]>
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