<![CDATA[Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province, is an important octopus-producing region in Indonesia, but its local stocks face pressure from intensive fishing and coastal habitat degradation. This study aimed to characterize the genetic polymorphism, nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, mutation patterns, and phylogenetic relationships of Octopus cyanea from Kaur waters using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene. Five tentacle tissue samples were collected from Linau coastal waters for DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and bidirectional Sanger sequencing. The 723-bp sequences contained 708 conserved sites (97.93%) and 15 polymorphic sites (2.07%). Genetic analysis revealed five unique haplotypes, with haplotype diversity (Hd) of 1.000 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00963. Kimura 2-Parameter distances indicated low intraspecific divergence (0.15–1.50%; mean 0.97%), compared with congeneric Octopus species (mean 10.14%) and the outgroup Amphioctopus fangsiao (mean 16.02%). Phylogenetic analysis placed all specimens in a monophyletic O. cyanea clade with 100% bootstrap support. These findings provide preliminary genetic baseline data that may inform stock assessment and conservation planning for O. cyanea in Kaur, Bengkulu. ]]>
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