<![CDATA[Oligodendroglioma is a type of glial tumor that originates from oligodendrocyte cells. This tumor is relatively rare accounting for approximately 5–20% of all glial tumors. This article aims to study more deeply about the morphology, pathogenesis, and prognosis factors of oligodendroglioma. The method used is literature review by searching and collecting information from several scientific databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The result of this article shows that, according to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, oligodendroglioma is classified as an adult-type diffuse glioma, a group of tumors that predominantly occur in adults. Based on histological characteristics, oligodendroglioma is categorized into low-grade (WHO grade 2) and high-grade (WHO grade 3) tumors. Tumor cells typically exhibit round nuclei with well-defined cell membranes and clear cytoplasm surrounding the centrally located nuclei, producing the characteristic "fried-egg appearance." A definitive diagnosis of oligodendroglioma requires evidence of an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation and combined loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 19 (1p/19q codeletion). Genetic alterations, age, tumor size, and immune status may contribute to determining patient prognosis. In conclusion, oligodendroglioma is a rare tumor characterized by distinctive morphological features that influence patient prognosis.]]>
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