<![CDATA[This study examines (1) what types of figurative language are found in the selected song lyrics, and (2) what are the literal and non-literal meanings of the figurative language identified. The primary data were collected through documentation from Spotify and analyzed using two complementary theoretical frameworks: Geoffrey Leech's (1981) framework of conceptual meaning for the analysis of literal meaning, and Lakoff and Johnson's (2003) Conceptual Metaphor Theory for the analysis of non-literal meaning. The findings reveal that a total of 25 figurative expressions were identified across the five selected songs, encompassing five types: metaphor (48%), hyperbole (20%), irony (12%), symbolism (12%), and allusion (8%), with metaphor emerging as the most dominant type at 48%. Simile and personification were not identified in the selected data. The analysis of literal and non-literal meanings further reveals that the figurative expressions carry both fixed denotative meanings at the literal level and rich layers of abstract emotional significance at the non-literal level. Additionally, three types of conceptual metaphors were identified: structural, orientational, and ontological, with structural metaphors being the most dominant.]]>
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