Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review (IJRER)
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): September - December

Navigating Reading Challenges: Phenomenological Study of Teachers Supporting Struggling Readers in Philippine Context

Joselito C. Gutierrez (Education Department, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Dawn Lois D. Songyoen (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Naomi Joy S. Raguindin (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Khate Ashleey B. Respicio (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Axcel Rey Sampaga (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Brian Dave A. Sibucao (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Cyril M. Simpliciano (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Marc Russel M. Simpliciano (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Hogan C. Tan (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Anthony L. Tique (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)
Ralph Henry B. Villacarlos (Secondary Education major in English, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Nov 2026

Abstract

Struggling readers are a persistent concern in Philippine elementary education, yet research has largely examined student reading outcomes rather than the professional, emotional, and instructional experiences of the teachers who support these learners in resource-constrained, multilingual classrooms. This study investigated the lived experiences of elementary English teachers in identifying and supporting struggling readers, and how they adapt their pedagogy and negotiate contextual barriers. Transcendental phenomenological design was employed. Fifteen proficient public elementary English teachers in Baguio City, Philippines, were selected through criterion purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis, and trustworthiness was supported through member checking. Four themes emerged: (a) diagnostic triage through standardized literacy assessments, (b) pedagogical flexibility and differentiated scaffolded instruction, (c) ecosystemic collaboration via remedial and peer networks, and (d) socio-contextual barriers, including parental illiteracy and resource constraints. The findings suggest that Vygotskian scaffolding must be extended to account for ecological and linguistic barriers in post-colonial multilingual classrooms, because its effectiveness is bounded by the educational and socioeconomic capital of the home. Implications for teacher professional development, curriculum localization, language-in-education policy, and parental partnership are discussed.

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