<![CDATA[This study aimed to develop a measurement instrument for al-ḥuzn wa al- jazā’ based on the theoretical framework of Abū Zayd al-Balkhī. Data were collected from 305 emerging adults in Indonesia using quota sampling. The psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify its underlying factor structure, item discrimination analysis to assess item quality, and reliability testing to examine measurement consistency. The novelty of this study lies in its attempt to translate a ninth-century classical Islamic psychological concept into measurable empirical indicators, particularly in capturing the interconnectedness of psychological and physical aspects (ishtibāk). The EFA results reconstructed the construct into four empirical dimensions: Psychophysical Manifestations, Self-Regulation, Cognitive Optimism, and Hopelessness. Following item refinement, the final instrument consisted of 54 items and demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .960). This study contributes to the psychometric literature by operationalizing a classical text-based concept of emotional distress into a measurable psychological construct. As an initial stage of instrument development, further research is needed to examine the stability of the identified factor structure through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and additional construct validation across broader populations]]>
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