<![CDATA[General Background The halal ecosystem is continuously positioned as a primary engine for national expansion in emerging markets. Specific Background In Indonesia, the aggregate halal value chain exhibits substantial contributions to the gross domestic product, prompting significant policy attention toward its sub-sectors. Knowledge Gap However, empirical evidence regarding the precise direction of causality between individual halal sectors and national economic performance remains limited, inconsistent, and predominantly restricted to cross-country panel estimations rather than specific national time-series analyses. Aims This study examines the direction of Granger causality between Indonesia’s gross domestic product and six distinct halal sectors—food, modest fashion, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, Muslim-friendly travel, media and recreation, and Sharia finance—using quarterly time-series data from 2016 to 2025. Results Quantitative pairwise bidirectional tests reveal heterogeneous causal patterns where halal food and Muslim-friendly travel exhibit bidirectional causality with macroeconomic output. Furthermore, media and recreation unilaterally precedes national expansion, whereas modest fashion, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and Sharia finance demonstrate no significant Granger causality at the five percent level. Novelty This research pioneers a disaggregated, multi-sectoral time-series causality mapping of the Indonesian halal economy, debunking the assumption of a uniform supply-leading relationship across all sectors. Implications Strategic development policies must abandon generalized approaches in favor of sector-specific interventions, recognizing that forecasting behavior varies fundamentally across different components. Highlights Food consumption and Muslim-friendly travel demonstrate a bidirectional feedback relationship with national gross domestic product expansion. Media and recreation uniquely forecast financial trends without reciprocal demand-following statistical effects. Modest fashion, pharmaceuticals, and Sharia finance exhibit strict neutrality regarding causality tests at a five percent significance threshold. Keywords Granger Causality; Halal Economy; Time Series Analysis; Gross Domestic Product; Development Strategies]]>
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