<![CDATA[Learning outcomes are one of the main indicators used to measure the success of the learning process. However, teacher-centered learning is still widely implemented, resulting in low student participation and learning achievement. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in improving students' learning outcomes through a literature review approach. The research employed a narrative literature review by analyzing relevant scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 obtained from national and international databases. The selected articles were identified, reviewed, compared, and synthesized to obtain comprehensive findings regarding the implementation of PBL. The results indicate that the Problem Based Learning model consistently has a positive impact on students' learning outcomes. In addition, PBL encourages critical thinking, problem-solving skills, collaboration, communication, and active participation during the learning process. The effectiveness of PBL is influenced by teachers' readiness, students' characteristics, and the availability of learning facilities. In conclusion, Problem Based Learning is an effective student-centered instructional model that can improve learning outcomes while fostering 21st-century competencies across various educational levels]]>
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