Journal of Social Studies and Education
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)

Balancing the Load: How Principal Leadership, Welfare, and Workload Shape Teacher Performance in Islamic Primary Schools

Adzkiyaul Maula (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus, Indonesia)
Abu Choir (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus, Indonesia)
Adri Efferi (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus, Indonesia)
Ashif Az Zafi (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
18 Oct 2026

Abstract

This study examines how madrasah principal leadership, teacher welfare levels, and teacher workload, individually and together, affect teacher performance. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey research design. The population consisted of all teachers in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, and the study used saturated sampling, selecting all population members as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, documentation, and observation. The collected data were analyzed using instrument validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (\(R^2\)). The results indicate that madrasah principal leadership has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. Teacher welfare also significantly influences performance, while workload also has a significant effect: proportional workload can encourage productivity, whereas excessive workload may reduce teaching effectiveness. Simultaneously, madrasah principal leadership, teacher welfare, and workload have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. The findings imply that improving leadership quality, strengthening teacher welfare, and managing workload distribution effectively are important strategies for achieving sustainable improvement in teacher performance.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jsse

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Social Sciences

Description

Journal of Social Studies and Education is a peer-reviewed journal that advances social studies and education knowledge through original, high-quality research. It focuses on various themes, including pedagogical innovations, curriculum development, global citizenship, social and emotional learning, ...