Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics)
Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Volume 11 Number 3 September 2026

Chromatic Number of the Coloring Metric on the Graph Resulting from the Shackle Family Graph Tree Operation

Khofifah Indah Mubarokah (Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic University)
Endah Tri Wisudaningsih (Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic University)
Eka Rahayu (Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic University)



Article Info

Publish Date
28 Sep 2026

Abstract

Metric coloring is an extension of vertex coloring that combines the coloring concept with distance through code representations. The study of the metric chromatic number continues to develop because different graph structures may exhibit distinct coloring patterns. However, the metric chromatic number of graphs obtained through the shackle operation on tree families has not been extensively studied. This study aims to determine the metric coloring patterns and the metric chromatic numbers of the graphs  and . The research employed an exploratory qualitative method with a deductive axiomatic approach. Data were obtained through mathematical observation of graph structures and documentation of relevant references. The analysis involved graph construction, determination of the order and size, formulation of labeling functions, construction of color classes, determination of code representations, and mathematical proof. The results show that  and , whether the linking vertices are even-indexed or odd-indexed. These findings indicate that the partition into two color classes, together with the distance of each vertex to the classes, gives distinct code representations to every pair of adjacent vertices, because both graphs are trees and therefore bipartite. The number of leaves of the star and the length of the broom handle do not affect the result.

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Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics) Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics) is open to the public, researchers, academics, practitioners and observers of Mathematics Education. This Jurnal is a publication containing the results of research, development from ...