<![CDATA[Waste material is one of the major issues in construction projects, leading to inefficiencies in cost, time, and environmental impact. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to material waste in the CWI-02 ITS project using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 respondents directly involved in the project execution. Six independent variables were examined: design, procurement, logistics, operational, residual, and production. The analysis results indicate that only two variables have a statistically significant influence on material waste: operational and residual. The operational variable has a path coefficient of 0.545, a t-statistic of 2.208, and a p-value of 0.027, while the residual variable has a path coefficient of 0.478, a t-statistic of 3.048, and a p-value of 0.002. On the other hand, design, procurement, logistics, and production variables do not show a significant effect. The R-square value of 0.910 suggests that the model explains 91% of the variance in material waste. These findings indicate that errors during field execution and poor leftover material management are the main contributors to material waste in the project. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance operational supervision and implement more effective residual material management strategies to minimize material waste in construction projects.]]>
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