<![CDATA[Breast self-examination (BSE) is a breast-awareness practice, but education may improve knowledge without ensuring skill or sustained behavior. This study developed and evaluated a Theory of Planned Behavior-informed Visual Tactile Augmented Learning (VTAL) model for women of reproductive age in rural Indonesia. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control-group design included 160 women (80 VTAL; 80 routine education). The 12-phase intervention combined visual demonstration, tactile breast-model practice, corrective feedback, action planning, and AYU CARE digital reinforcement. Content validity was excellent (S-CVI/Ave=0.96). At immediate post-test, adjusted outcomes favored VTAL for BSE knowledge (β=2.15; d=1.00), attitude (β=2.47; d=0.81), perceived behavioral control (β=2.81; d=0.91), behavioral intention (β=0.98; d=0.65), and procedural competence (β=2.02; d=0.81), all p<0.001. One-month BSE regularity favored VTAL but was not significant (OR=1.92; p=0.082). VTAL can support public-health education by linking supervised practice, feedback, digital reinforcement, and referral-oriented breast awareness, although sustained behavioral benefit requires longer follow-up.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
