Model Arsitektur Berbasis Budaya Lokal untuk Penguatan Integrasi Sosial Masyarakat To Kaili Da’a di Pegunungan Sulawesi Tengah : Studi Kasus: Sekolah Alam Kamalisi, Sigi

Agrian Rizki Kuswanto (Universitas Tadulako)
Abdul Gani Akhmad (Universitas Tadulako)
Muhammad Bakri (Universitas Tadulako)

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): September: Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora

The Sekolah Alam is an educational model that integrates learning with the natural environment through a contextual and sustainable architectural approach. The Sekolah Alam kamlisi, located in the Uvenumpu customary area of ​​Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, embodies this concept through an open learning environment that engages with the life of the To Kaili Da’a community. This study aims to identify the architectural characteristics of the Sekolah Alam Kamlisi, analyze the architectural factors shaping community perception, and incorporate these findings into a Local Culture-Based Architectural Model to strengthen the social integration of the To Kaili Da’a community in the mountainous region of Central Sulawesi. The research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data collection involved field observations, aerial mapping via drone orthophotography, figure-ground morphological analysis, in-depth interviews with 18 key informants (including customary leaders, community figures, village officials, and school administrators), and spatial documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, presentation, thematic interpretation, and synthesis. The findings identify five key characteristics: integration with the mountainous landscape, learning space flexibility (adaptive polymorphism), microclimatic comfort, the use of materials responsive to the local context, and the porosity of transition spaces (spatial porosity) devoid of massive physical barriers. Although the school aligns with sustainable nature school principles, modern materials still predominate over local vernacular materials. The community's perception and sense of place are shaped by spatial openness, a connection to the mountainous landscape, and the communal courtyard serving as a space for social interaction. The study yields a conceptual model that positions massing porosity, spatial flexibility, and the tectocentric use of local materials as architectural principles to reduce psychological-spatial barriers, facilitate the transmission of cultural values, and strengthen the social cohesion and integration of the To Kaili Da’a community.