<![CDATA[This study compares the effectiveness of government rehabilitation policies in reducing social exclusion among homeless populations in Indonesia, India, and the Philippines. It employs a comparative qualitative approach using the Most Similar Systems Design (MSSD) framework, alongside the social exclusion frameworks developed by Hilary Silver and Amartya Sen. Secondary data comprising official policy documents, administrative ministerial reports, and academic articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected purposively based on their relevance to policies addressing homelessness, the availability of information regarding rehabilitation mechanisms, and their connection to indicators such as economic recovery, housing security, and social inclusion. Analysis was conducted through document review and cross-country thematic comparison, categorizing policies based on institutional mechanisms, types of intervention, and outcome orientations. The findings indicate that Indonesia places greater emphasis on institution-based and shelter-based social rehabilitation; India integrates night shelters with livelihood programs through the National Urban Livelihoods Mission; and the Philippines focuses on street-based outreach and family reintegration via the Pag-abot Program. These differences highlight the variation in institutional approaches to addressing homelessness. The study recommends strengthening cross-sectoral coordination and implementing outcome-based evaluations to support sustainable social reintegration]]>
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