<![CDATA[Indonesia possesses abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, whose utilization and investment play important roles in economic growth and environmental performance. This study applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) to examine renewable energy potential, fossil energy consumption, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and Domestic Investment as strategic resources influencing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The findings indicate that renewable energy potential improves environmental performance by reducing GHG emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, whereas fossil energy consumption adversely affects environmental quality due to its high carbon intensity. FDI and Domestic Investment can support environmental improvement when directed toward clean energy, technological innovation, and low-carbon development. From an RBV perspective, effectively managed energy and investment resources can strengthen environmental performance and support sustainable development advantages.]]>
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