<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the ability of surfactant-modified kaolin and ultrasonically activated kaolin adsorbents to remove Mg(II) from water, as well as to determine the optimal adsorption conditions and the appropriate kinetic model. Kaolin modification was performed using alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant at concentrations of 35%, 45%, and 55%, while ultrasonic activation was performed with irradiation times of 25, 35, and 45 minutes. The adsorption process was conducted at an initial Mg(II) concentration of 10 mg/L with contact times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while the Mg(II) concentration was analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the study show that the optimum adsorption time was reached at the 90th minute. Surfactant-modified kaolin (35%) yielded the best results with a final Mg(II) concentration of 1.5266 mg/L and a removal efficiency of 84.73%, while ultrasonically activated kaolin with an irradiation time of 45 minutes resulted in a final concentration of 1.5342 mg/L and a removal efficiency of 84.65%. FTIR and SEM results indicate the interaction of Mg(II) ions with the adsorbent surface without damaging the kaolin’s basic structure. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order Lagergren model with a coefficient of determination (R²) approaching 1, indicating an effective and stable adsorption mechanism.Keywords: kaolin, adsorption, Mg(II), surfactant, ultrasonic, adsorption kinetics.]]>
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