<![CDATA[The criminal offense of document forgery is an unlawful act that may cause losses and undermine legal certainty and public confidence in documents used as the basis for establishing evidence, rights, or legal relationships. The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code introduces a more systematic framework for regulating document forgery, particularly under Chapter XIII. This study aims to examine the legal regulation and criminal liability associated with document forgery under Law Number 1 of 2023.This research employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The research materials consist of primary legal materials, particularly relevant legislation, as well as secondary legal materials concerning the criminal offense of document forgery.The findings indicate that document forgery under Law Number 1 of 2023 encompasses not only the act of producing a false document or altering an existing document, but also the use of a document known to be false or forged when such use is capable of causing loss. These provisions demonstrate that intention, the purpose for which the document is used, the nature of the document, and the potential for loss constitute important elements in determining whether the criminal offense has been established. For certain documents that possess greater legal significance, such as authentic deeds and certificates concerning land rights, the law provides more severe criminal sanctions. This regulatory framework reflects the criminal law's effort to protect the authenticity and legal function of documents as instruments of evidence and to maintain certainty in legal relationships.]]>
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