Determinants of Health Facilities, Household Expenditure and Pure Participation Rate (APN) on the Achievement of NEM SMA as a Reflection of the Human Development Index in Central Indonesia

Melkias Antonius Manggoa (Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana)
Wellem Sairwona (Universitas Kristen Indonesia)
Victoria Henderina Bathun (Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor Karmel Fatululi)
Wilson Rajagukguk (Universitas Kristen Indonesia)

Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences (FJAS)
Vol. 4 No. 12 (2025): December 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of health facilities, household expenditure, and pure participation rate (APN) on the achievement of the Pure Ebtanas Value (NEM) of Senior High Schools (SMA) as a reflection of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the Central Indonesia region. This research approach uses a quantitative method with secondary data sourced from the World Bank. The analysis was carried out through multiple linear regression models to identify the contribution of each variable to NEM achievement. The results of the analysis showed that the three independent variables had a significant effect on the achievement of SMA NEM (p < 0.05), both partially and simultaneously. Household expenditure has the most dominant influence with the lowest regression coefficient, showing that family economic factors play a major role in determining the quality of children's education. The results of the study also showed that the combination of the three determinants made a significant contribution to the achievement of high school NEM by 71% (R² = 0.71).