From Sedentary Behavior to Early Non-Communicable Disease Risk: The Protective Role of Physical Fitness among Students

Moch. Yunus (Universitas Negeri Malang)
Tisnalia Merdya Andyastanti (Universitas Negeri Malang)
Erianto Fanani (Universitas Negeri Malang)

Formosa Journal of Science and Technology (FJST)
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): January 2026

Sedentary lifestyle among students is increasingly prevalent and is associated with decreased physical fitness and a higher risk of early non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study used a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines by analyzing observational and experimental studies from reputable databases. The results indicate that sedentary behavior significantly reduces cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength and increases the risk of obesity, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, while higher physical fitness levels act as a protective factor. Therefore, reducing sedentary lifestyle through increased physical activity from an early age is an important preventive strategy to lower the long-term risk of NCDs.