<![CDATA[Disasters are commonly linked to heightened citizen solidarity, and in Indonesia this is often attributed to gotong royong (mutual cooperation). Yet it remains unclear whether such solidarity materializes as a dense, interconnected structure on social media or remains scattered individual expressions. This study examines that question through social capital theory (bonding, bridging, linking) by structurally analyzing the solidarity-themed subnetwork within the digital discourse on the 2025 Sumatra flood disaster on platform X. Using a quantitative, descriptive-comparative Social Network Analysis design, 3,149 Indonesian-language posts (1,357 accounts) were analyzed and a combined reply-and-mention interaction graph of 972 actors and 895 ties was constructed. Of 385 solidarity-themed actors, 130 appeared in the graph. Centrality of solidarity-themed versus other actors was compared using Mann-Whitney U tests with effect sizes, complemented by community detection and a power analysis. Solidarity-themed actors showed significantly higher out-degree (r = 0.290), but centrality was dominated by media, government, and political parties rather than citizens or philanthropic organizations. Four philanthropic organizations formed only isolated components of two to five actors; three others, including Indonesia’s largest Islamic organization, were absent despite substantial activity. Solidarity-themed actors were dispersed across 63 of 188 communities, with no cluster exceeding 22 actors. Bonding social capital among citizens is structurally almost invisible in public interaction on X, while what is observed is one-directional, institutionally driven bridging/linking. This study challenges assumptions about digital gotong royong and suggests philanthropic organizations favor interactive engagement over broadcasting to achieve structural integration.]]>
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