<![CDATA[Analyzed gas composition of biogas produced through anaerobic fermentation using two substrate systems: mono-digestion of cow manure and co-digestion of cow manure with tofu wastewater. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory-scale batch reactor for seven days, evaluating biogas volume, pH variation, and gas composition, including methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). The results showed that mono-digestion of cow manure produced a higher total biogas volume (7.944 mL) compared to the co-digestion system (1.9459 mL). Methane concentration was significantly higher in the mono-digestion system (1700 ppm), while the co-digestion system produced only 2 ppm. The cow manure substrate maintained a pH closer to neutral (6.23), whereas the mixed substrate became more acidic (3.05), potentially inhibiting methanogenic activity. In addition, mono-digestion generated lower concentrations of CO₂ (80 ppm) and H₂S (12 ppm) compared to the co-digestion system (138 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively), indicating superior gas quality. These findings demonstrate that effective biogas production is characterized by high methane concentration, near-neutral pH conditions, and low CO₂ and H₂S levels. Under the evaluated conditions, mono-digestion of cow manure produced higher-quality biogas with greater methane yield and total gas production.]]>
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