Journal of Language and Literature
Journal of Language and Literature presents articles on the study of language and literature. Appropriate topics include studies on language, translation, and literary texts. To be considered for publication, articles must be in English.
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<![CDATA[The Translation of Indonesian Cultural Terms into English of the “Battle of Surabaya” Movie ]]>
<![CDATA[Bagus Yogi Martendi]]>;
<![CDATA[Teguh Setiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ashadi Ashadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4194
<![CDATA[This study aims to identify and describe the translation of Indonesian cultural terms in the film Battle of Surabaya. It did not intend to pinpoint the exact translation technique used. The animated history of Indonesia and the variety of the language used in the movie, such as Dutch, English, Japanese, Indonesian, and local, motivated the researcher to conduct the research. The research method used mixed-method and translation theory as a ground theory for analyzing the data. The analysis found that 24 vocabularies contain Indonesian culture-each cultural term spread in every aspect. Socio-culture found 17 data or 71% of the total existing data; Material culture only found 1 data, Ecology 3 data, Organization 2 data, Gesture or habits also 1 data. The difference in translating cultural terms was only to equate equivalence in meaning between ST and TT. Bringing cultural aspects in various ways is the same as appreciating a culture, but the way to show it and transfer it becomes a challenge for the translator. The true meaning of a cultural term may not be fully conveyed due to a lack of data or only communicated to each other in a cultural group. It can be solved if the cultural term has a glossary and the translator uses it. This study also found that foreign cultures that have been in the local culture for too long can grow and become part of the local culture itself.]]>
<![CDATA[Translation Procedures of Harsh Language and Their Correlation to the Visual in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck ]]>
<![CDATA[Janis Ramadhanti Saputri]]>;
<![CDATA[Andika Wijaya]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4541
<![CDATA[Comics are media that people of all ages can enjoy, and while some comics have age restriction, The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck is a comic that targets both young and old readers. As it is the story of Scrooge McDuck’s rise to success, the comic depicts aggressiveness not only physically through violence and facial expression but also verbally through the usage of harsh language. The objective of this research is to analyze (1) the translation procedures that are used in the comic The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck and (2) their correlation with the visual elements of the comic. This research uses Vinay and Darbelnet (1958/1998) theories on translation procedures by basing the utterance of harsh language on theories proposed by Ljung (2011) and Ford (2016). This research uses the qualitative descriptive method, and the data were taken by setting the limitation on the character’s facial expression at the time of the utterance of harsh language. From this research, it can be concluded that the translator utilizes many translation procedures to translate the harsh language, in particular the reduction procedure. This research also shows that translation procedures are utilized to reduce the element of verbal aggressiveness, yet the procedures that are used do not influence the intention behind the utterance as the aggressiveness has been presented through the visuals.]]>
<![CDATA[Bilingualism in Indonesian Children's Language Acquisition ]]>
<![CDATA[Aulia Apriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Sutrisno]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4195
<![CDATA[Language acquisition and development are two important phases in a child’s life. Hundreds of ideas have been tested to build a scientific explanation for how children may understand and produce the languages of their environment. Language intake, exposure volume and duration, and grammatical complexity all appear to have a role in influencing children's language development. These intricacies become even more complicated as children differ greatly from one another. It's on top of the several languages the children pick up along the route. Some children speak only one language (monolingual), whereas others speak multiple languages (bilingual). Apart from the endless debate about whether being bilingual is a blessing or a curse, it is fascinating to study how those children finally end up being bilinguals, either through acquisition or learning. Therefore, this article aims at portraying the phenomenon of bilingualism in Indonesian children’s language acquisition by looking at the strengths and weaknesses of being bilinguals, the important factors in second language acquisition and learning, and the strategies for second language acquisition and learning. In conclusion, to be bilingual, a child has undergone a very long process. Even though some experts are still debating whether bilingualism is beneficial or even harmful for their cognitive, psychological, and linguistic competence, children nowadays are created to be bilinguals even since they were born. As a result, those children grow up as multilingual children who are ready to cope with the dynamic of the environmental changes around them.]]>
<![CDATA[Issues of Inequality and the Political Economy in the 1990s Singapore: A Marxist Reading on Alfian bin Sa’at’s “Birthday” ]]>
<![CDATA[Bima Iqbal Khadafi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4149
<![CDATA[This research closely reads a short story by Alfian bin Sa’at entitled “Birthday” in relation to the historical narrative and the political economy of 1990s Singapore using the perspective of Terry Eagleton’s Marxist literary criticism. The result of this study shows 1) that Alfian challenges a portion of the historical narrative of Singapore’s political economy in the 1990s at which ideology works to justify the power hierarchy, yet altogether highlights the other portion of it to shed some light on the oppressed; 2) that challenging and, at the same time, highlighting the historical narrative are Alfian’s strategy to endorse his political commitment while not being openly partisan; and 3) that Alfian carefully configures the literary form and content of his work – through his use of multilingualism and Singaporean English – to advocate his idea of the future of Singapore and – through his use of simple sentences that build a stream-of-consciousness plot – to underline the complex social realities whereby issues of inequality (gender, racial, and class) are correlated. This study implies that the use of Marxist literary criticism in reading a literary work from a formerly colonized country cannot neglect the traces of neo- and/or colonial experiences since colonialism itself, following Marx and postcolonial theorists, is a more acute form of capitalism. However, this paper finds that, different from the usual postcolonial reading, the Singaporeans (its capitalists and government) are as complicit as the Western neo-colonial enterprises for the inequalities and oppression happening in the region.]]>
<![CDATA[The New Image of Indian Girl in Sherman Alexie’s The Search Engine ]]>
<![CDATA[Mundi Rahayu]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4323
<![CDATA[The current paper examines the Native American people's identity, especially the main female character's cultural identity in the short story entitled The Search Engine. Sherman Alexie, the author of the story, is a Native American writer who harnesses the Indian identity as one of the main topics. The identity presented in the main character, Corliss, shows the challenges of the stereotypes of Native American girls. For that reason, the paper aims at exploring the new Indian woman’s cultural identity represented in the main character, Corliss, in the short story The Search Engine. The study applies feminist literary criticism that enables the writers to deeply explore the issue of woman's identity among the American native people. The main character, Corliss, shows the new female image identity, in which she can challenge traditional stereotypes of Native American women. Corliss is represented as a highly literate woman, with a lot of reading on English literary works, and has concern on her Indian-ness, which is often incommensurable to her big family’s views. The main character shows the new female image of an Indian girl evidenced in her excellent literacy and attitude toward Indian and White people. She has new consciousness in seeing the Indian men and women and their relation to White people. ]]>
<![CDATA[The Ordinariness of Code-meshing in the Indonesian Linguistic Landscapes ]]>
<![CDATA[Setiono Sugiharto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4802
<![CDATA[Code-meshing as a strategic linguistic practice has been considered a rarity in a high-stake writing practice (e.g. academic writing). Studies in composition scholarship have demonstrated that such a practice needs arduous intellectual endeavors and extra rhetorical efforts to be realized. That is, code-meshing requires an exceptionally high linguistic adeptness, language awareness, and rhetorical sensitivity in order to be performed effectively. As such, the products of code-meshing in scholarly writing are often seen as a marked form of textual realization. This article shows that while strenuous struggles are needed to practice code-meshing in academic writing (i.e. high-stake translingual practice), such a practice can be performed as mundane, ordinary, unremarkable, and relaxed activities (i.e. low-stake translingual practice) in linguistic landscapes or signage displayed in public places. Illustrations of the code-meshed texts in the latter case will be provided, and then examined to account for their ordinariness. In light of the vibrant low-stake translingual practice, I shall develop an important notion of grassroots performativity to suggest the everydayness of quotidian language practices enacted by multilingual language users in their own community. ]]>
<![CDATA[Maintaining Ideology through Racial Distinction during the 1930s America in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man ]]>
<![CDATA[Raisa Hani Tamara]]>;
<![CDATA[Achmad Munjid]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.3489
<![CDATA[Racial issues in 1930s America illustrate the high racial tension between Whites and African-Americans due to the series of mass racial violence. Despite the rapid industrialization, African-Americans, in this period, struggled to find their equal place in society. Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man depicts the social conditions of African-American workers’ socio-economic backwardness in the 1930s. This novel is set during the post-reconstruction era of America, where Jim Crow laws were instituted. Therefore, the analysis of racial distinction in this novel is conducted using Post-Nationalist American Studies and Marxism approach. Therefore, this qualitative research utilizes Althusser’s theories: of Ideology and Ideological State Apparatus (ISA). The findings show how White ideology is depicted and maintained: (1) the depiction of Ideology can be seen through the class distinction and racial dependency in which African-Americans are created to be inferior and submissive to White people. Then, (2) the maintenance of ideology relies on Althusser’s concept of Ideological State Apparatuses, such as religious, family, education, legal, politic, trade union, communication, and cultural institutions, function as an adjunct of the state that perpetuates and preserves White-centered values. Thus, the racially segregated society essentially only supports the needs of White capitalists as the ruling class.]]>
<![CDATA[Talk Show Hosting Turn-Allocation Techniques in Jimmy Kimmel Live ]]>
<![CDATA[I Gusti Ngurah Ratnadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Putu Nur Ayomi]]>;
<![CDATA[Putu Devi Maharani]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4365
<![CDATA[Engaging in a conversation is crucial to people as social beings, in which turn-taking is one of its core elements. As a cooperative activity, it requires an orderly turn distribution, especially in TV talk shows where the host and the guests cooperate to distribute turns led by the host. This phenomenon can be observed in Jimmy Kimmel Live, a late-night talk show that highlights conversational activities to incorporate its entertainment bits. This study investigates turn-allocation techniques used by Jimmy Kimmel as the host of the talk show to manage a multiparty conversation with the Avengers: Endgame cast. The analysis is based on Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson’s theory concerning the systematics for turn-taking organization along with Lerner’s elaboration on Sacks et al.’s turn allocation. To extract the data, Jeffersonian conventions are used, then the descriptive qualitative method is exercised to analyze the data in two levels: providing context and theoretical elaboration. It is found that the host only uses current-selects-next techniques (i.e., gaze, addressing, context-tied), in which context-tied becomes the most common technique practiced creating an exclusive connection that effectively allocates turn to the prospective speaker. Other techniques: gaze and addressing are also used by mutual gaze and address term positioning. Meanwhile, self-selection techniques (i.e., starting first and overlapping talk) are absent because of the unequal share of power and role of the host compared with the guests. ]]>
<![CDATA[The Language of Violence against Women: Male Voice Domination in the Public and Private Domains ]]>
<![CDATA[Fransisca Kristanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4905
<![CDATA[Violence against women (VAW) has been a long-debated issue for many things, including the authoritative male voice that often reduces (if not diminishes) women’s voice in public and private domains. Often, the lines between the public/private dichotomy become blurred, and the traditional gender perception practiced in the private domain transcends to the public domain. This literature review scrutinizes the authoritative male voice in both the public and private domains within the violence against women discourse. This paper reports that the male authoritative voice is prevalent in both the private and public domains. Yet, the faint lines between the private and public domains cause the interference of a more structural authoritative voice toward the private domain. Even though the language of support enables the victims’ and survivors’ experiences to be verbalized, the support center staff are not all linguistically equipped to effectively elicit and report the experience. This ineffective elicitation and reporting open opportunities for the authoritative male voice to maintain its power in VAW cases.]]>
<![CDATA[The Norm Establishment in WhatsApp Group Conversations ]]>
<![CDATA[Norwanto Norwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Faizal Risdianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 2 (2022): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i2.4810
<![CDATA[This linguistics study aims to observe the development of norms in WhatsApp Groups (WAGs). Over the years, linguists have devoted their time to theorizing norms of im/politeness evaluations and linguistic interactions in computer-mediated communication (CMC). However, the norms of virtual interactions have not gained adequate attention. This study systematically documented and examined the conversations of 539 members of three WAGs to describe the norms of virtual group communication. The data obtained were enhanced through anecdotal evidence of the experiences acquired in joining other WAGs. The data indicated four sources of WAGs norms: the aims of creating the group, framing unmarked behaviors, and framing positive or negative evaluations of members' utterances or actions. The members' alignments toward non-virtual individual and social norms also significantly affect their negotiating WAG norms. In the stages of the norming process, WAGs tend to experience conflicts due to interpersonal differences. These disputes are likely to disrupt the group's performance or predispose some members. Theoretically, group development is comprised of formation, conflicts, norming, and performance. Depending on the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the member's background, WAGs do not necessarily experience conflicts in the norming process. However, some of them tend to leap the stages from formation to performance.]]>
