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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 45 no. 2 (2026)" : 18 Documents clear
Association between homicide and myocardial infarction mortality: a population-level analysis in Mexico from 2000 to 2019 Omar González-Santiago
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.169-174

Abstract

BackgroundGlobally, violent deaths represent a serious public health issue, and Mexico has shown an increase in homicides. Exposure to violence has been linked to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. However, population-level evidence linking homicide mortality to myocardial infarction (MI) mortality remains limited. This study assesses the association between homicides and mortality from myocardial infarction in Mexico from 2000 to 2019. MethodsThis ecological time-series study used national mortality data from the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Adjusted annual mortality rates were calculated. Mortality trends were evaluated using Joinpoint software. The association between homicides and other causes of mortality was analyzed using Pearson correlation and univariate and multivariate regression analyses. ResultsDuring the study period, the average adjusted mortality rates were 16.8/100,000 for homicides and 67.4/100,000 for myocardial infarction. Both homicide and MI mortality rates increased significantly over time. In simple linear regression, homicides only showed significant associations with myocardial infarction (B=0.55, p<0.05). In multivariate regression analyses, homicide mortality remained significantly associated with MI mortality after adjustment for unemployment, gross domestic product per capita (GDP-PC), and diabetes mortality, although the association was attenuated when suicide mortality was included in the model. ConclusionAt the population level, from 2000 to 2019 both homicide and MI mortality rates increased significantly, while homicides were positively associated with myocardial infarction mortality in Mexico.  Elevated homicide rates act as a population-level stressor that coincides with higher mortality from heart attacks.
Gamma-oryzanol as a potential intervention for normalizing insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function Mamoun Abdelwahab Mohammed Elamin Alfaki; Md Nadeem Bari; Md Rizwan Ansari; Imran Mohammad; Mohammad Anwar
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.270-278

Abstract

The bioactive substance gamma-oryzanol (GO), which is mostly present in rice bran oil, has attracted a lot of interest due to its possible therapeutic application in metabolic conditions like diabetes mellitus. The effects of GO on insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function are examined in this study. Gamma-oryzanol improves β-cell viability, lowers oxidative stress, and modifies intracellular signaling pathways linked to glucose metabolism, all of which increase insulin secretion, according to experimental and clinical evidence. Additionally, GO's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities shield β-cells from dysfunction and apoptosis brought on by hyperglycemia and lipid toxicity. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2017 and 2026 using the keyword “gamma-oryzanol”, “insulin secretion”, ‘pancreatic β-cell function”. Additionally, the substance seems to support glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function by upregulating important genes involved in insulin synthesis and secretion. All things considered, GO shows great promise as a natural agent for maintaining β-cell integrity and increasing insulin secretion, providing a novel complementary approach to managing diabetes. Gamma-oryzanol is frequently linked to anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and cholesterol-lowering properties. Because Orz reduces insulin activity, cholesterol metabolism, and associated chronic inflammation, its potential to treat metabolic diseases has recently been investigated. After apoptosis and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were decreased, oral GO administration increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets from diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet. We also examined the effects of GO on low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, which demonstrated elevated ER stress and consequent β-cell apoptosis. Furthermore, γ-oryzanol improved glucose dysmetabolism in this model by lowering the mRNA levels of genes linked to apoptotic signaling and ER stress in islets. All things considered, GO shows encouraging potential as a natural agent for enhancing insulin secretion and maintaining the integrity of β-cells, providing a new complementary strategy for controlling and preventing diabetes.
Trends of early-onset colorectal cancer biomarkers from 1985 to 2024 : a bibliometric analysis Hamzah Haryo Prakoso; Andre Setiawan; Nur Rahadiani
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.279-293

Abstract

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasingly recognized as a global public health concern. Biomarker research in EOCRC has expanded across hereditary, molecular, epigenetic, liquid biopsy, microbiome, and multi-omics domains, but the overall research landscape remains fragmented. This study aimed to map global research trends and identify prominent and underdeveloped topics in EOCRC biomarker research. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using publications on EOCRC biomarkers retrieved on October 27, 2024. Eligible documents were limited to English-language articles, reviews, and conference proceedings, with a final publication stage and no restriction on publication year. After screening, 134 relevant documents published between 1985 and 2024 were included. Bibliometric indicators, including publication trends, leading contributors, influential publications, topic evolution, and keyword co-occurrence patterns, were analyzed using Biblioshiny (Bibliometrix R package v4.1.3) and VOS viewer (v1.6.18). Early-onset colorectal cancer  biomarker research showed steady growth, with an annual growth rate of 7.54% and a publication peak in 2023. The dataset included 134 documents from 92 sources and involved 1,121 authors, with international collaboration observed in 20.9% of publications. Earlier studies focused mainly on hereditary predisposition, Lynch syndrome, mismatch repair genes, and microsatellite instability. More recent research shifted toward molecular profiling, epigenetic alterations, liquid biopsy, gut microbiota, tumor microenvironment, and multi-omics approaches. Underdeveloped areas included diagnostic biomarker validation, screening implementation, gut microbiota, risk factors, and machine learning-based biomarker discovery. Overall, EOCRC biomarker research has evolved from a hereditary-centered focus toward a broader precision oncology framework, but further work is needed to strengthen validation, translational relevance, and clinical applicability across diverse populations.
Prevalence and risk factors of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infection among patients with gastrointestinal complaints Hussein A. Sadeq; Shivan O. Haydar; Ghanem M. Jaafar; Mohammad I. Alberfkani
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.175-182

Abstract

BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health problem in developing regions, primarily driven by inadequate hygiene and sanitation standards. The most prevalent protozoan parasites causing gastrointestinal illness are Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these infections and evaluate their association with socio-demographic factors and clinical stool consistency. MethodsA total of 122 subjects aged 1-60 years were involved in this cross-sectional study. Data was collected via direct interviews and parasitological diagnosis using standard laboratory protocols to identify the presence of cysts or trophozoites. Data were stratified by age group, gender, and stool consistency, and a Chi-square test was used for data analysis. ResultsThe findings revealed a high overall prevalence, with E. histolytica being the main parasite at 84.42% (103/122) compared to G. lamblia at 15.57% (19/122). Age-specific data showed that the 31-40 year age group had the highest infection rate for E. histolytica (92.31%), while the 21-30 year age group showed the highest occurrence of G. lamblia (25.81%). Gender-wise, males exhibited a significantly higher infection rate for E. histolytica (91.93%) compared to females (76.66%) (p=0.038). Regarding stool consistency, a highly significant association was observed (p<0.001). ConclusionThe study highlights a substantial burden of protozoan infections, particularly E. histolytica. The significant association between stool consistency and parasite type emphasizes the importance of clinical presentation in diagnostic suspicion. Enhanced community-level health education and improved sanitation infrastructure are urgently needed to mitigate the transmission of these intestinal parasites.
Strengthening clinical microbiology laboratories and prevention programs: a call to action for better infection control Abayeneh Girma
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.166-168

Abstract

 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed severe vulnerabilities in the global clinical laboratory systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where diagnostic capacity is still poor. As the world emerges from the acute phase of the pandemic, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has re-emerged as the silent pandemic demanding urgent attention. Clinical microbiology laboratories are not just support services, they are the first line of defense against the disease outbreaks, healthcare-associated infections, and the increased risk of the drug-resistant pathogens. However, in most environments these laboratories are poorly funded, staffed and equipped. Enhancement of clinical microbiology laboratories should, therefore, be considered as one of the health priorities in the world.
Effect of using normal saline, alcohol and acetone on pain during removal of polyacrylate adhesive dressings in children aged 10–15 years: a pilot randomized controlled trial Edith Sumaregita Rinhastyanti; Herman Wihastyoko; Tommy Alfandy Nazwar
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.183-190

Abstract

BackgroundRemoving wound dressings containing polyacrylate adhesives can cause pain, especially in pediatric patients with more sensitive skin and lower pain thresholds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of normal saline, alcohol, and acetone on pain during dressing removal in children and evaluate their associated side effects. MethodsThe study used a pilot randomized controlled trial involving 16 children aged 10-15 years at the Surgical Clinic of Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital, Malang. Pain levels were measured using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, while side effects were assessed using the Skin Irritation Score and Itchyquant Score. The children's pain was assessed 1 min after the procedure. Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test were used for data analysis. ResultsThe results demonstrated that acetone was significantly more effective than normal saline and alcohol in reducing pain during dressing removal (p<0.050). Normal saline and alcohol did not show significant differences compared to the control group, likely due to their limited ability to dissolve the polyacrylate adhesive. Mild irritation and temporary pruritus occurred in all groups, with acetone producing the least reaction. Acetone's effectiveness is attributed to its ability to disrupt van der Waals forces and polymer bonds within the adhesive, thereby reducing the force required for removal. ConclusionsAcetone is the most effective agent for reducing pain during dressing removal, with minimal side effects compared to other solvents. Further research is necessary to determine optimal formulations and assess the stability of acetone for the development of acetone swab products.
Clinical utility of artificial intelligence in prehospital emergency medical services : a systematic review and meta-analysis Abdullah Alsamhari; Rafiulla Gilkaramenthi; Bader Hussain Alamer; Saad M. Mushawwah
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.294-309

Abstract

BackgroundThe emergency medical services (EMS) sector presents substantial hurdles in providing excellent treatment while operating within limited resources. Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in prehospital EMS, where rapid and accurate decision-making is essential. However, a comprehensive synthesis of AI’s effectiveness in this setting remains limited. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate AI’s predictive accuracy, compare its performance with human-based triage, and assess its feasibility in prehospital care. MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to February 20, 2025. Fourteen peer-reviewed studies reporting quantitative outcomes were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (median score = 7). Random-effects meta-analyses in R were conducted to synthesize area under the curve (AUC), AI-human AUC differences, and feasibility outcomes. ResultsAcross 14 studies involving 9,107,906 patients, AI demonstrated strong predictive performance with a pooled AUC of 0.874 (95% CI: 0.843–0.905). Individual study AUCs ranged from 0.805 to 0.997, with moderate heterogeneity (I²=52.3%). In eight studies, AI significantly outperformed human triage, showing a pooled AUC improvement of 0.074 (95% CI: 0.045–0.103; p<0.001), despite high heterogeneity due to varying human benchmarks. Feasibility analysis showed high clinical utility, with a pooled proportion of 0.929 and no heterogeneity (I²=0%). Funnel plots suggested slight asymmetry, but Egger’s tests indicated no significant publication bias. ConclusionArtificial intelligence demonstrated high predictive accuracy, slight superiority over human triage, and strong feasibility in prehospital care, supporting its integration into EMS with further validation and standardized reporting.
Female university students’ attitude toward fertility and childbearing in Vietnam Thi Thu Ha Nguyen; Hoang Thanh Luong; Thi Thu Phuong Pham
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.191-198

Abstract

BackgroundPopulation aging and declining fertility rates are emerging concerns worldwide. In Vietnam, fertility rates have decreased rapidly in recent years. Understanding young women’s attitudes toward fertility and childbearing is important for developing appropriate reproductive and population policies. This study aimed to assess attitudes toward fertility and future childbearing among female students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 187 nulliparous female students from September 2024 to March 2025. Data were collected using the Attitudes Toward Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. ResultsOverall, 66.3% of participants expressed a desire for future childbearing, 23.0% were uncertain, and 10.7% did not desire children. The desire for future childbearing was significantly higher among students aged >22 years compared with those aged ≤22 years (85.1% vs. 60.0%) and among participants in a relationship compared with single students (79.5% vs. 62.2%). The mean scores for the AFCS domains “Importance of fertility for the future,” “Childbearing as a hindrance at present,” and “Female identity” were 3.41 ± 0.97, 3.90 ± 0.74, and 2.96 ± 0.93, respectively. Greater importance placed on future fertility was associated with older age, rural residence, cohabiting parents, and desire for children (p<0.05). ConclusionFuture childbearing intention among female students was relatively low and influenced by age and relationship status. Although fertility was considered important, childbearing was widely perceived as a present burden.
Genetic counselling problems with parents of child with ROB der(21;21)(q10:q10) Down syndrome: a case report Nisa. A.T. Hadi; Agustini Utari; Tri Indah Winarni
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.332-337

Abstract

BackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by addition of a full or partial chromosome 21. The most common type of DS (90–95%) is pure trisomy 21; mosaicism occurs in 6–7%, and about 3–5% comprises translocation DS including Robertsonian translocation, which could be inherited from parents. This case shows a Robertsonian translocation der(21;21)(q10:q10) DS and the common financial problem among Indonesian parents being their inability to pay for examinations to determine the origin of the abnormality (inherited or de novo), which is a big challenge for genetic counselors. Case DescriptionA 2-month-old baby boy was admitted to the hospital with suspect Down syndrome referred by a pediatrician. The patient was the only child of 25-year-old parents. Physical examination showed several characteristics of DS, including upslanting palpebral fissure, a flat nasal bridge, horizontal palmar creases, sandal gap, and continuous murmur in upper left sternal border due to patent ductus arteriosus. Cytogenetic testing revealed the karyotype of derivative chromosome 21, namely Robertsonian translocation 46,XY,+21,der(21;21)(q10:q10). Parents declined to order cytogenetic testing due to financial concerns. ConclusionParents’ karyotype is critical to confirm the origin of the translocation. It is important to calculate the recurrence risk correctly especially when parents still want another child and to do non-directive counseling in terms of reproductive options. However, it cannot be done in this case because of the lack of parent’s karyotypes. Genetic counseling plays an essential role in providing an accurate recurrence risk based on the type of trisomy for future offspring and reproductive planning.
Dendrophthoe pentandra (Mango Mistletoe) leaves modulate steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, aromatase, and estrogen receptor expression in aged mice Lilik Indahwati; Linda Ratna Wati; Inmas Andi Sermoati; Kusworini Handono; Wibi Riawan
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.199-206

Abstract

BACKGROUNDOvarian aging is associated with impaired steroidogenesis and estrogen signaling, contributing to reproductive dysfunction. Dendrophthoe pentandra (Mango Mistletoe), a flavonoid-rich plant with antioxidant properties, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in experimental studies. However, its role in modulating the integration of ovarian steroidogenic and estrogen-responsive pathways during aging remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of D. pentandra leaf extract on the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), aromatase (CYP19A1), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and ERβ in aged female mice. METHODSThis experimental study included 25 female mice: 5 young (8–12 weeks) and 20 aged (18–20 months). Animals were allocated to five groups (n=5 per group): young controls, aged controls, and three aged treatment groups receiving D. pentandra leaf extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg BW, respectively, for 30 days. Protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. RESULTSAged mice exhibited significantly lower expression of StAR, aromatase, ERα, and ERβ compared with young controls. Administration of D. pentandra extract significantly increased expression of all evaluated markers in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis demonstrated significant restoration of steroidogenic and estrogen-signaling–related protein expression, particularly in the highest-dose group, where aromatase, ERα, and ERβ expression approached or exceeded levels observed in young controls. CONCLUSIOND. pentandra leaf extract restored key components of ovarian steroidogenesis and estrogen signaling in aged mice, suggesting potential phytoendocrine modulatory activity against age-related ovarian endocrine decline.

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