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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 623 Documents
Effect of Muay Thai training frequency on VO2 max and muscle endurance in non-athletic adults: a randomized clinical trial Al Husni Hadi Pasca Putra; Julia Windi Gunadi; Yenni Limyati; Oeij Anindita Adhika
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.46-58

Abstract

BackgroundUrban lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary, contributing to reduced physical fitness. Muay Thai, a high-intensity martial art, has been proposed as an effective exercise modality to improve aerobic capacity and muscle endurance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different weekly Muay Thai training frequencies on VO₂ max and muscle endurance in non-athletic adults. MethodsA randomized experimental study with a pre-test–post-test design was conducted involving 40 non-athletic adults (aged 20–25 years). Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: training twice weekly (MT2X) or four times weekly (MT4X) for eight weeks. Outcomes included VO₂ max and upper, abdominal, and lower body muscle endurance. Baseline characteristics were described descriptively. Between-group differences in post-intervention outcomes were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with baseline values included as covariates. ResultsAt baseline, VO₂ max, abdominal, and lower body muscle endurance were higher in the MT4X group. After adjustment for baseline values using ANCOVA, the MT4X group demonstrated significantly higher post-intervention VO₂ max compared with the MT2X group (adjusted mean difference, p<0.001). Significantly greater improvements favoring the MT4X group were also observed for upper body muscle endurance (push-ups, p<0.001), abdominal muscle endurance (sit-ups, p<0.001), and lower body muscle endurance (squats, p=0.018). ConclusionA higher frequency Muay Thai training program is effective in significantly improving participants' aerobic capacity and muscle endurance. Practitioners are able to choose their training frequency preference, since both frequencies provide similar adaptation.
Effect of brain endurance training on fatigue and physical endurance among stroke survivors: a non-blinded randomized controlled trial Jayasree Sai L; Prathap Suganthirababu; Dhanusia S; Harika Valluri
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.59-67

Abstract

BackgroundPost-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a multifactorial impairment characterized by persistent tiredness not relieved by rest, and affects nearly half of stroke survivors, leading to poor physical endurance which limits recovery and overall quality of life. Limited evidence suggests that combining cognitive and physical training might help in reducing fatigue. Brain endurance training (BET) involves both cognitive training and physical training, targeting PSF. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of BET on fatigue and physical endurance among stroke survivors. MethodsA parallel group pilot randomized controlled trial was carried out in a private setting with 30 stroke survivors. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group A (n=15) received BET and group B (n=15) received conventional physiotherapy. Both groups underwent training for 65 minutes per day, thrice a week for eight weeks. Primary outcomes were Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and independent t-test. ResultsAt baseline, no significant differences were observed between groups for FSS and 6MWT (p>0.05). The BET group reported better reduction in fatigue (FSS: 5.39 ± 0.18 to 3.48 ± 0.16, p<0.001) and improvement in physical endurance (6MWT: 202.03 ± 4.35 to 273.35 ± 6.26, p<0.001) than the control group (FSS: 5.25 ± 0.10 to 4.19 ± 0.06) (6MWT: 200.53 ± 2.72 to 222.70 ± 3.64). ConclusionBrain endurance training is a feasible and safe approach for reducing fatigue and improving physical endurance among stroke survivors.
Andrographis paniculata: a review of pharmacology and clinical efficacy Sangita Boro; Manisha Chirania; Deepjyoti Boro; Bhriganka Bharadwaj; Mitali Baruah; Minakshi Bhattacharjee
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.113-124

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata is widely regarded as one of the most important medicinal plants due to its broad therapeutic value and global use in traditional medicine. Commonly known as Kalmegh, creat, or green chirayata, the plant has been an integral part of Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and other traditional healing systems for centuries. It has traditionally been consumed to manage a variety of ailments, particularly those related to the liver, respiratory system, and immune health. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that Andrographis paniculata is rich in diverse bioactive constituents. Among these, andrographolide, neoandrographolide, and didehydroandrographolide are the most prominent diterpenoid lactones. Andrographolide, in particular, is recognized as the principal active compound and has been extensively studied for its wide pharmacological spectrum. Research indicates that andrographolide exhibits strong hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. These properties contribute to the plant’s reputation as a versatile therapeutic agent. In this review, we systematically searched and analyzed articles published in English from 2019 to 2025, using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Relevant search terms included “Andrographis paniculata”, pharmacology”, “clinical efficacy”, “safety”, etc. Given its chemical richness and diverse pharmacological actions, Andrographis paniculata continues to attract scientific attention. Numerous studies support its potential in managing chronic diseases, enhancing immune function, and mitigating oxidative stress. This review aims to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the plant’s therapeutic relevance, highlighting its major chemical constituents and summarizing key findings from pharmacological evaluations and clinical safety and efficacy reported in the scientific literature. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review emphasises the significance of Andrographis paniculata as a promising natural resource in herbal medicine and modern pharmacotherapy.
Pituitary macroadenoma with optic chiasm compression and hypopituitarism: a case report Alexander Kam; Dinda Aprilia; Eva Decroli
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.81-87

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONPituitary macroadenomas are benign pituitary tumors measuring more than 1 cm in diameter that constitute a substantial proportion of intracranial neoplasms. Despite their benign histology, these tumors may lead to significant morbidity due to local mass effects and endocrine dysfunction. Compression of the optic chiasm can result in progressive visual impairment and irreversible blindness if not promptly treated. Additionally, pituitary hormonal deficiencies may cause life-threatening metabolic and systemic complications. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are therefore essential to prevent permanent sequelae and optimize functional recovery. Case DescriptionA 40-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of recurrent headaches accompanied by progressive blurring of vision, diplopia, and visual field defects. She also reported irregular menstruation and unintended weight loss. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 2.13 × 2.28 × 3.05 cm pituitary macroadenoma with a characteristic “snowman appearance” compressing the optic chiasm. Hormonal evaluation revealed secondary adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with elevated free thyroxine (T4), and hyperprolactinemia attributed to the stalk effect, consistent with hypopituitarism and thyroid dysfunction. Initial stabilization with hydrocortisone and methimazole was performed prior to definitive management. The patient subsequently underwent transsphenoidal tumor resection with appropriate perioperative glucocorticoid coverage. Postoperatively, she remained clinically stable with improvement in headache and visual symptoms, and continued hormonal therapy under close endocrinological supervision. ConclusionsThis case underscores the importance of comprehensive hormonal assessment, timely neurosurgical intervention, and coordinated multidisciplinary care in managing pituitary macroadenomas complicated by optic chiasm compression and hypopituitarism to achieve favorable clinical outcomes.
Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress in adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Donna Pratiwi; Agustinus I Wayan Harimawan; I Wayan Weta; Ni Ketut Sumartini; Syuma Adhy Awan; I Wayan Gede Sutadarma
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.125-134

Abstract

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause significant morbidity through fertility disorders and most often found in the productive age. Recent research suggests that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Astaxanthin (AST) has broad protective effects, particularly in the regulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of AST supplementation on PCOS management. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library from January 2020 to March 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing astaxanthin supplementation in adult women with PCOS were included. Outcomes of interest were malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1. Pooled effects were calculated as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).  ResultsFour RCTs involving 194 participants were included. Astaxanthin supplementation significantly reduced MDA levels (MD −0.670; 95% CI −1.070 to −0.270; p = 0.001; I² = 93%) and significantly increased TAC levels (MD 0.030; 95% CI 0.000 to 0.060; p = 0.030; I² = 76%). No significant effect was observed on SOD levels (MD 0.025; 95% CI −0.850 to 1.350; p = 0.660; I² = 57%). The overall risk of bias across included studies was low. ConclusionThis systematic review shows that AST supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in women with PCOS. These findings suggest that AST may serve as potential adjuvant antioxidant therapy in PCOS management.
Validity of core needle biopsy in diagnosing primary thyroid lymphoma: a systematic-review and meta-analysis Nadira Prajnasari Sanjaya; Kevin Varian Marcevianto; Indira Saraswati Sanjaya; Kelvin Kohar; Hayatun Nufus
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.153-165

Abstract

BackgroundPrimary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare thyroid malignancy, accounting for less than 5% of thyroid malignancies. The prognosis of PTL depends on the histologic subtype and stage of disease at diagnosis, hence an effective diagnostic method is needed to ensure prompt treatments. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the first test for microscopic examination of a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass, but its limitations and low sensitivity have been observed.  After the often “inconclusive” result is known, core-needle biopsy (CNB) should be performed as the natural next diagnostic step. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing PTL. MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed and Embase database search was performed in August 2025. Populations included were patients with final diagnosis of PTL. Pooled sensitivity was calculated using a random-effects model. ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies comprised a total of 1091 patients. Core needle biopsy proved to be highly effective, with a pooled sensitivity of 91.6% (95% CI: 82.1%–96.3%). The development of tumor-cell seeding following CNB has been a major concern, but this complication is extremely rare. Other potential complications include bleeding and infection. ConclusionCore needle biopsy demonstrates high diagnostic sensitivity and a favorable safety profile in diagnosing primary thyroid lymphoma, supporting its role as a valuable diagnostic modality, particularly when PTL is clinically suspected or FNA results are inconclusive.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome: a new frontier in orthopedic medicine Tito Sumarwoto; Romaniyanto; Sholahuddin Rhamtomy; Mujaddid Idulhaq; Asep Santoso
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.135-152

Abstract

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their unique biological properties, including high proliferation capacity, low immunogenicity, and potent immunomodulatory effects. These characteristics make UC-MSCs particularly promising for orthopedic applications, where the repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and nerves are critical for restoring function. The secretome of UC-MSCs—comprising bioactive molecules such as exosomes, cytokines, and growth factors—offers a powerful, cell-free therapeutic option through paracrine signaling, further enhancing their therapeutic potential. A literature search was conducted in major databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar) for English articles from 2010–2025 using keywords related to UC‑MSCs and orthopedic regeneration. This review explores the role of UC-MSCs and their secretome in orthopedic tissue repair, focusing on their application in bone healing, cartilage regeneration, tendon-ligament repair, and nerve regeneration with their innovative delivery. Despite the promising potential of UC-MSC therapies, several challenges remain, including regulatory hurdles, long-term safety concerns, and the scalability of cell-based and secretome-based therapies for widespread clinical use. Although umbilical cord MSCs are not yet widely applied in clinical practice, increasing evidence suggests that they offer significant therapeutic potential, especially in the treatment of autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. The UC-MSCs and their secretome represent a transformative approach in orthopedics, offering new avenues for treating complex musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative diseases. Ongoing advancements in this field will likely unlock their full potential, making them viable options for clinical use in the near future.
Association of toxoplasmosis with risk factors among adults in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Mustafa Riadh Hussein; Wijdam Mero
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.68-75

Abstract

BACKGROUNDToxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic parasite that infects approximately one-third of the global population. Humans become infected mainly by consumption of undercooked meat or water or fruits and vegetables contaminated with oocysts. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated risk factors in adults from Duhok province, Iraq. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 600 participants (ages 22–60 years, both genders) from Duhok. Variables included age, gender, occupation, interaction with cats, and hygiene practices were collected. Blood samples were analyzed for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies, using ELISA. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors for toxoplasmosis. ResultsThe overall seroprevalence was 39.17% (IgG: 31.67%, IgM: 7.5%). Both IgM and IgG prevalence were significantly associated with gender (p<0.001). IgG was more prevalent in participants aged 31–40 years (p<0.001). Key risk factors included cat contact (aOR=4.50, 95% C.I.: [2.10, 9.50], p<0.001), drinking tap water (aOR=3.00, 95% C.I.: [1.50, 6.00], p=0.005), consuming undercooked meat (aOR=3.20, 95% C.I.: [2.00, 5.30], p<0.001), eating unwashed vegetables (aOR=2.50, 95% C.I.: [1.50, 4.30], p<0.001), eating outside home (aOR=2.50, 95% C.I.: [1.50, 4.00], p<0.001), and a history of arthritis (aOR=3.00, 95% C.I.: [2.00, 4.50], p<0.001), hygiene practices, such as handwashing (aOR=0.30, 95% C.I.: [0.15, 0.60], p=0.001) and hygienic measures (aOR=0.35, 95% C.I.: [0.20, 0.60], p<0.001), reduced risk former Covid-19 (aOR=7.00, 95% C.I.: [3.50, 14.00], p<0.001). ConclusionsToxoplasmosis in Duhok is associated with dietary habits, sanitation, and cat contact. Enhancing hygiene and food safety can reduce the disease burden, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Association between homicide and myocardial infarction mortality: a population-level analysis in Mexico from 2000 to 2019 Omar González-Santiago
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): Ahead Of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.169-174

Abstract

BackgroundGlobally, violent deaths represent a serious public health issue, and Mexico has shown an increase in homicides. Exposure to violence has been linked to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. However, population-level evidence linking homicide mortality to myocardial infarction (MI) mortality remains limited. This study assesses the association between homicides and mortality from myocardial infarction in Mexico from 2000 to 2019. MethodsThis ecological time-series study used national mortality data from the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Adjusted annual mortality rates were calculated. Mortality trends were evaluated using Joinpoint software. The association between homicides and other causes of mortality was analyzed using Pearson correlation and univariate and multivariate regression analyses. ResultsDuring the study period, the average adjusted mortality rates were 16.8/100,000 for homicides and 67.4/100,000 for myocardial infarction. Both homicide and MI mortality rates increased significantly over time. In simple linear regression, homicides only showed significant associations with myocardial infarction (B=0.55, p<0.05). In multivariate regression analyses, homicide mortality remained significantly associated with MI mortality after adjustment for unemployment, gross domestic product per capita (GDP-PC), and diabetes mortality, although the association was attenuated when suicide mortality was included in the model. ConclusionAt the population level, from 2000 to 2019 both homicide and MI mortality rates increased significantly, while homicides were positively associated with myocardial infarction mortality in Mexico.  Elevated homicide rates act as a population-level stressor that coincides with higher mortality from heart attacks.
Gamma-oryzanol as a potential intervention for normalizing insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function Mamoun Abdelwahab Mohammed Elamin Alfaki; Md Nadeem Bari; Md Rizwan Ansari; Imran Mohammad; Mohammad Anwar
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026): Ahead Of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.%p

Abstract

The bioactive substance gamma-oryzanol (GO), which is mostly present in rice bran oil, has attracted a lot of interest due to its possible therapeutic application in metabolic conditions like diabetes mellitus. The effects of GO on insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function are examined in this study. Gamma-oryzanol improves β-cell viability, lowers oxidative stress, and modifies intracellular signaling pathways linked to glucose metabolism, all of which increase insulin secretion, according to experimental and clinical evidence. Additionally, GO's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities shield β-cells from dysfunction and apoptosis brought on by hyperglycemia and lipid toxicity. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2017 and 2026 using the keyword “gamma-oryzanol”, “insulin secretion”, ‘pancreatic β-cell function”. Additionally, the substance seems to support glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function by upregulating important genes involved in insulin synthesis and secretion. All things considered, GO shows great promise as a natural agent for maintaining β-cell integrity and increasing insulin secretion, providing a novel complementary approach to managing diabetes. Gamma-oryzanol is frequently linked to anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and cholesterol-lowering properties. Because Orz reduces insulin activity, cholesterol metabolism, and associated chronic inflammation, its potential to treat metabolic diseases has recently been investigated. After apoptosis and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were decreased, oral GO administration increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets from diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet. We also examined the effects of GO on low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, which demonstrated elevated ER stress and consequent β-cell apoptosis. Furthermore, γ-oryzanol improved glucose dysmetabolism in this model by lowering the mRNA levels of genes linked to apoptotic signaling and ER stress in islets. All things considered, GO shows encouraging potential as a natural agent for enhancing insulin secretion and maintaining the integrity of β-cells, providing a new complementary strategy for controlling and preventing diabetes.

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