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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 635 Documents
 60   61   62   63   64 
Knowledge of people with visual impairment about contraceptives: an exploratory study Dunja Stekić Djindjić; Branka Jablan; Vesna Vučinić; Ivana Obrenović Ilić; Valentina Martać
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.228-236

Abstract

BackgroundKnowledge and information about contraceptives are key factors for the protection of reproductive health. Evidence from various parts of the world reveal that women with disabilities are facing widespread barriers in accessing public services. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of visually impaired people about contraceptives in relation to gender and level of education. MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 32 visually impaired people of whom 12 (37.5 %) were male and 20 (62.5%) were female between the ages of 20 and 30 years. Part of the Illustrative Questionnaire for Interviews - Surveys with Young People was used to assess knowledge about contraceptives. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. ResultsRespondents with visual impairment were familiar with contraceptives. They believe that condoms and birth control pills are the most effective means of protection against unintended pregnancy. With regard to the perception of the effectiveness of contraceptives, there are statistically significant differences by gender (p=0.011) only for abstinence as an effective contraceptive. Differences by level of education were found in the responses to the two statements "The condom is an effective means of contraception" (p=0.022) and "Condoms are only used in casual relationships, not in long-term relationships and marriage" (p=0.048). ConclusionAlthough the visually impaired respondents showed that they have some knowledge about contraceptives, it is necessary to consistently organize additional education and provide information about reproductive health in an accessible form.
Maternal Trichomonas vaginalis as a risk factor of spontaneous preterm labour in Southwest Nigeria: a case-control study Adetokunbo Agbolade Oyeleye; Muisi Alli Adenekan; Akeem Abayomi Agbetoba; Emeka Chinedum Nkwo; Sunday Isaac Omisakin; Kayode Ayodeji Adefemi; Aloy Okechukwu Ugwu
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.207-217

Abstract

BackgroundTrichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan infection associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous preterm labour. The proposed mechanism involves genital tract inflammation, which may trigger cervical changes and uterine contractions. This study assessed whether T. vaginalis infection was associated with spontaneous preterm labour among pregnant women at Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. MethodsThis case-control study recruited 520 pregnant women, comprising 260 women with spontaneous preterm labour and 260 women who delivered at term. Vaginal swabs were collected using sterile swab sticks.  Wet mount microscopy and culture were performed to detect T. vaginalis. The association between T. vaginalis infection and spontaneous preterm labour was assessed using the Chi-square test, while binary logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. ResultsThe mean age of participants was comparable between the preterm and term labour groups: 30.1 ± 5.3 years versus 29.8 ± 6.2 years, respectively (p=0.625). T. vaginalis infection was more prevalent among women with spontaneous preterm labour than controls, 16.9% versus 10.2%. On unadjusted analysis, infection was significantly associated with spontaneous preterm labour (OR 1.78, p=0.028). However, after adjustment for confounders, the association was no longer statistically significant (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 0.72–2.51, p=0.351). ConclusionT. vaginalis infection was more common among women with spontaneous preterm labour, but the association was not independently significant after adjustment. Comprehensive antenatal risk assessment remains essential.
The Effect of Nanoliposomal Curcumin (Cur-NLPs) Proliferation Rate with Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) and PI3K expression in cervical cancer HeLa cells Subandi Subandi; Ferry Suciati; Maya Devi Arifiandi; I Wayan Agung Indrawan
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.249-258

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONCervical cancer is a major health problem in developing countries. Cisplatin therapy has limitations related to toxicity and drug resistance associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Curcumin has anticancer activity, but its bioavailability is low; therefore, it has been developed in a nanoliposomal formulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin nanoliposomes (Cur-NLPs) on proliferation and PI3K expression of HeLa cells. METHODSAn experimental study was conducted using HeLa cells, divided into seven groups: negative control, cisplatin 5 µg/mL, and Cur-NLPs groups at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µg/mL. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Measurements were performed at 24 and 48 hours at a wavelength of 450 nm. Based on viability results, PI3K expression was analyzed at 48 hours using flow cytometry in five groups: negative control, cisplatin, and Cur-NLPs at 100, 150, and 200 µg/mL. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell test. RESULTSCur-NLPs significantly reduced HeLa cell viability at 24 and 48 hours (p<0.001). The 200 µg/mL dose showed the most optimal antiproliferative effect, with viability of 38.3% at 24 hours and 18.0% at 48 hours. PI3K expression in the Cur-NLPs group (42.49–45.03%) was lower than that in the cisplatin group (66.78%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.063). CONCLUSIONCur-NLPs inhibited HeLa cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and showed a trend toward reduced PI3K expression. Further replication and analysis of downstream PI3K markers are needed to confirm these findings.
Attitude towards telemedicine and e-health literacy among health sciences faculty students Hilal DEMİRHAN KELEŞ; Gulay YILMAZEL
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.259-269

Abstract

BackgroundTelemedicine is no longer a futuristic concept and is increasingly integrated into health care. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes toward telemedicine in connection with e-Health literacy among students in a Faculty of Health Sciences. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted involving 250 students aged 18 years and older. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Attitude Scale Toward the Use of Telehealth Services (ASTUTS), and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the linear regression analysis were used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. ResultsOf the participants, 61.6% were aged 18–21 years, and 70.8% were female. Attitudes toward telehealth services were significantly higher among students aged 22 years and older (p<0.05). eHealth literacy scores were significantly higher among female students than among males (p<0.05) and differed significantly across academic departments (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that attitudes toward telemedicine services were positively associated with eHealth literacy (β=0.195, p=0.002), indicating that higher telemedicine attitude scores were related to higher levels of eHealth literacy.  All variables (attitudes to telemedicine, age, gender, place of residence, economic status, general health status, smoking status, alcohol use, chronic disease status, hospital appointment system used) explaining 9.1% of the variance in eHealth literacy (R²=0.091). ConclusionStudents had moderate attitudes toward telemedicine and moderate eHealth literacy. Implementing a targeted, practical, and integrated curriculum to increase the use of telemedicine and digital health literacy in undergraduate health sciences programs could be beneficial.
Transforming intracranial hemorrhage detection with artificial intelligence: advances in neuroimaging Finidya Septiani; Vininta Fazharyasti; Terawan Agus Putranto; Nataliandra N. Maarifat; Samuel Tandionugroho; Muhammad Irvanie Rama Harahap
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.322-331

Abstract

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) represents a challenging neurological emergency, characterized by bleeding within the cranial vault. Timely intervention in this case is directly linked to reduced mortality and prevention of permanent sequelae. The interpretation of radiological examination for ICH is full of challenges, including anatomical variations, imaging artifacts, and small hemorrhages. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through the application of deep learning (DL) models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has emerged as a transformative adjunctive technology for radiological interpretation. This study reviews the growing field of AI for ICH detection on non-contrast head CT scans. A literature search was conducted in major databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar) for English articles from 2016 - 2026 using keywords related to artificial intelligence, deep learning, intracranial hemorrhage, and its variations. The analysis synthesizes performance metrics reported in recent studies, such as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). This study explores the potential of AI in quantifying hemorrhage volume, precise localization, classification of hemorrhage subtypes, and integration into clinical workflows for triage and decision support. Challenges and considerations that accompany the clinical translation of AI are also defined, including the need for external validation, the nature of complex algorithms, ethical and legal standings, data security, and integration into existing radiology information systems.  The integration of AI into ICH care signifies a paradigm shift from standardized treatment protocols toward dynamic, precision medicine. This review explores the role of AI in augmenting the diagnosis and management of intracranial hemorrhage, emphasizing its role as a powerful tool to enhance the clinical acumen of radiologists.
Targeting tumor associated macrophages to alternate cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment milieu Mahdaleny Mahdaleny; Septelia Inawati Wanandi; Noorwati Sutandyo; Febriana Catur Iswanti
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.310-321

Abstract

Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are involved in promoting cancer growth and enabling it to evade therapies. By acting as something like a tumor's "underground," these cells dampen down the "calls for help" that chemotherapy or radiotherapy might otherwise trigger. They also appear to enable some cells in the cancers to reset themselves into cancer stem cells (CSCs), allowing them to divide and differentiate. Cancer stem cells are compelled to initiate tumors and maintain their growth. In part, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) effect this by secreting cytokines with well-established roles in regulating stemness, as well as proteins that govern cell migration and are known to help keep CSCs in the niche where the tumor formed and maintain the tumor. Prognostic studies have found that TAMs are associated with worse patient outcomes. This article reviews the existing knowledge on TAMs in supporting the survival and maintenance of CSCs, increasing tumor resilience and resistance to therapy. We did a systematic review using the keywords CSC, TAM, tumor microenvironment (TME), and extracellular matrix remodeling from the following databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, NCBI, Nature, Google Scholar, and Oxford Academic for articles published between 2010 to 2026. The underlying premise of the current investigation is that macrophages facilitate the maintenance of the "stemness" characteristics of CSCs. The TAM-CSC alliance must be interrupted to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce tumor recurrence. Our review focuses on addressing the difficulties presented by CSCs and TME through advanced research techniques and specific combination treatments. This alternative method offers a less harsh and more effective therapy that will improve the patient’s outcomes by effectively eradicating tumor cells and modifying the tumor microenvironment to enhance the immune system's capability to combat the tumor.
Static stretching: an effective tool for  better health Semir Mašić
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.332-334

Abstract

Modern lifestyles are increasingly characterized by prolonged sitting, unhealthy dietary habits, and insufficient physical activity, making physical inactivity one of the leading modifiable risk factors for poor health. This behavioral shift contributes to overweight and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and other chronic non-communicable diseases. Alongside regular physical activity, maintaining adequate mobility represents an essential yet often overlooked component of long-term health. Efficient human movement depends largely on the available range of motion within synovial joints, and insufficient physical activity may impair muscle function, restrict joint mobility, and ultimately compromise overall health status.
Effect of Nintendo Wii balance board training on postural control and functional mobility in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial Asma Parveen; Priyadarshini Mishra; Birupakshya Mahakul; Prathap Suganthirababu; Lavanya Prathap; Debadutta Patra
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.335-344

Abstract

BackgroundStroke is a major cause of long-term disability, imposing considerable physiological, psychological, and financial burden worldwide. Postural instability is common after stroke and often persists despite conventional rehabilitation, limiting functional independence and increasing fall risk. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of an 8-week multimodal cognitive-sensory balance training programme using the Nintendo Wii balance board on postural control, functional mobility, and cortical activity in patients with subacute stroke. MethodsThis randomized controlled trial included 60 participants with subacute stroke (38 male, 22 female) allocated to experimental (n=30) or control (n=30) groups via computer-generated random allocation. The experimental group underwent multimodal cognitive-sensory balance training on the Wii balance board, while the control group received conventional physiotherapy, both for 8 weeks under trained physiotherapists. The Berg Balance Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Centre of Pressure parameters, and functional Electroencephalogram (EEG) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks. ResultsThe experimental group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group on the Berg Balance Scale (p<0.001), the Functional Independence Measure (p<0.001), Centre of Pressure path length (p=0.003), and Centre of Pressure velocity (p<0.001). No significant between-group difference was observed in functional EEG engagement (p=0.615), although both groups improved significantly from baseline. ConclusionThe findings of the study indicate that multimodal cognitive-sensory balance training delivered through a gaming platform is more effective than conventional physiotherapy in improving postural stability and functional independence in subacute stroke, and may be considered a useful, low-cost adjunct rehabilitation tool in clinical practice.
Advances in the application of web-based cognitive stimulation in improving cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment after stroke Derryl Ravertio Timothy Subroto; I Putu Eka Widyadhara; Ketut Widyastuti
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.%p

Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) affecting over 70% of survivors and significantly diminishing their independence and quality of life. In Indonesia, the prevalence of PSCI exceeds 60%, the highest in Southeast Asia, creating a critical demand for effective and accessible rehabilitation strategies. This review addresses the effectiveness of web-based cognitive stimulation applications in enhancing cognitive recovery, specifically during the first three months post-stroke, which is identified as the "golden period" for recovery due to heightened cortical plasticity. In this review, we systematically searched and analyzed articles published in English from the date of inception up to December 31st, 2025, using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Library, and SpringerLink. Relevant search terms included “POST-STROKE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT” AND (“COGNITIVE REHABILIATION” OR “COGNITIVE STIMULATION” OR “WEB-BASED COGNITIVE TRAINING”). The rationale for this review stems from the need to overcome barriers in traditional rehabilitation, such as high clinician workload and limited accessibility, by utilizing technology-based interventions that facilitate telerehabilitation. Major studies and paradigms reviewed include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for sensitive screening, as well as specific training tasks such as the Stroop Effect and Go/No-Go paradigms. Key findings from some researchers demonstrate significant improvements in MoCA-Ina scores following computerized training, while some meta-analyses suggest that Go/No-Go tasks are highly effective in improving inhibitory control. The review concludes that web-based applications offer a practical and effective solution for individualized, repetitive cognitive training that can be accessed without specialized software installation. Furthermore, these digital tools support continuity of care after hospital discharge. To maximize clinical impact, future research must focus on integrating these prototype applications into standardized clinical practice and establishing a clearer consensus on the diagnostic timing of post-stroke dementia.
Circulating brain‑derived neurotrophic factor as a potential biomarker of cognitive reserve in post-stroke cognitive impairment Elisabeth Emanuela Sephe; Ketut Widyastuti; Desak Ketut Indrasari Utami
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.%p

Abstract

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent and disabling neurological complication, affecting approximately 40-60% of stroke survivors within the first year and carrying a substantial risk of progression to vascular dementia. The observation that the severity of cognitive dysfunction is frequently disproportionate to the extent of structural brain injury implicates the modulatory role of cognitive reserve (CR). Yet the precise neurobiological mechanism through which CR confers this protection remains incompletely characterised. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the principal regulator of synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and long-term potentiation (LTP) via TrkB-mediated PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and PLC-γ signalling cascades, has emerged as a plausible biological mediator linking CR to post-stroke cognitive outcomes. This structured narrative review examined the biological pathomechanisms through which CR modulates circulating BDNF levels and thereby influences PSCI risk in patients with ischaemic stroke. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar (January-April 2026), yielding 52 eligible publications (2015-2026) identified through the terms brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cognitive reserve, post-stroke cognitive impairment, neuroplasticity, and ischaemic stroke, with Boolean operators. The review demonstrated that individuals with high CR, quantified using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq; score ≥115), exhibit significantly more robust mBDNF responses during the subacute post-stroke phase (days 7-14), the optimal window of neuroplasticity, than those with lower CR. CR determinants, including educational attainment, occupational complexity, and leisure-time cognitive engagement correlate positively with serum BDNF levels through upregulation of activity-dependent BDNF gene expression, enhanced plasmin-mediated proBDNF-to-mBDNF conversion, and promotion of neural efficiency and compensation mechanisms. In addition, high CR was associated with better-preserved frontoparietal control network, salience network, and default mode network integrity, attenuating the neurological impact of diaschisis and global connectivity disruption.  Integrating serum BDNF measurement with CRIq assessment at the subacute post-stroke phase offers a clinically applicable strategy for PSCI risk stratification and the personalisation of neuroplasticity-based cognitive rehabilitation programmes.

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