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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)" : 17 Documents clear
Advancements in smart wearable patch systems for enhanced wound healing Samathoti, Prasanthi; Bodagala, Sai Ramya
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.667

Abstract

Background: Chronic wounds afflict around 2% of the world's population and cost billions of dollars each year in medical costs. By some estimates, over 13 million people worldwide suffer from chronic wounds yearly. The absence of continuous surveillance in conventional dressings for wounds causes prolongation in the treatment and raises the danger of infection. Timely and practical assessment of wounds is key to reducing infection and healing wounds. This is possible by smart dressings with sensors continuously providing input while monitoring important wound variables involving pH, temperature, and moisture. Considering current and upcoming advancements, this paper examines how intelligent patches could transform healing. Methodology: The latest advances in the development, usage of intelligent patches, and their development by different researchers are highlighted in this review. It looks at how sensors are incorporated into these patches and provides an overview of developing intelligent wound dressings by integrating one or more sensors triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Results and Discussion: The fabrication and effectiveness of intelligent dressings have advanced significantly, but there are still issues with sensor precision and resilience, especially regarding the requirement for strict regulations. The discussion also explores the critical need to address legal and technological constraints to enhance the usefulness of such wearable gadgets in medical settings. Conclusion: Intelligent patches, a fascinating new development in wound care, enable customized therapy with continuous surveillance. Future studies should address real-world challenges to fully realize their potential to refine wound recovery outcomes in medical care.
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): A comprehensive review of drug delivery advancements Panwar, Pramesh; Kumar, Saurabh; Chand, Pallavi; Chauhan, Ashish Singh; Jakhmola, Vikash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.676

Abstract

Background: Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a significant advancement in lipid-based drug delivery systems. Compared to Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), NLCs offer improved drug loading capacity, stability, and controlled release profiles. Objective: This review article explores the structural and functional benefits of NLCs, their enhanced bioavailability, and their potential in targeted therapeutic agent delivery. Methodology: We investigated the unique combination of solid and liquid lipids in NLCs, which creates an internal structure for improved drug encapsulation and sustained release. Various methods were analyzed for their contribution to NLC efficacy, including high-pressure homogenization and solvent emulsification. Results and Discussion: NLCs demonstrated encapsulation efficiency ranging from 85–95%, with particle sizes between 100–300 nm. Drug release was sustained over 24 hours, affirming their effectiveness in controlled drug delivery. Applications of NLCs were highlighted across diverse delivery modes, including topical, pulmonary, oral, parenteral, and ocular. Challenges such as scaling production, overcoming biological barriers, and ensuring regulatory compliance were also addressed. Conclusion: NLCs present a promising future in pharmaceutical sciences, with the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in complex diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Continued research into NLC formulations is critical for advancing patient outcomes and addressing global health challenges.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of Eleusine indica plant: promising antioxidant and analgesic activity with lack of antimicrobial and thrombolytic activity Jahan, Farhana Israt; Anik, Asif Hossain; Sumaiya Akter
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.688

Abstract

Background: Eleusine indica is used as a traditional medicine in Bangladesh. It is significantly valued for its wound-healing properties and is often used as an anthelmintic and pain reliever in rural areas. Objective: This study examines the pharmacological effects of Eleusine indica methanolic extracts, highlighting antioxidant, antimicrobial, thrombolytic, and analgesic properties in animal models. Also, contribute to future research directions. Methods: The antioxidant properties were determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, with ascorbic acid as the positive control, and the inhibition percentage was calculated. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method. The thrombolytic Potential was determined through in vitro clot lysis assays. However, the % of clot lysis was used to gauge the thrombolytic effects. For assessing analgesic activity, Swiss albino mice were utilized; analgesic efficacy was evaluated by calculating the percentage inhibition against abdominal writhing. Results: The free radical scavenging assay demonstrated with an IC50 of 43.67 μg/ml, comparable to ascorbic acid's IC50 of 36.22 μg/ml. However, the methanolic extract showed no antimicrobial activity. In thrombolytic assays, the extract induced 26.79% clot lysis. With a 55.57% reduction in writhing, the extract group (500 mg/kg) exhibited significant analgesic activity, approaching the standard group's 73% inhibition. Conclusion: The Outcome of the study shows Eleusine indica has potential antioxidant and analgesic activity, with a lack of antimicrobial and thrombolytic properties. The results support the application of traditional medicine. highlighting the importance of antioxidant and analgesic activity, in future investigations aimed at isolating and identifying the specific compounds driving its pharmacological activities.
Advancements in formulations and technologies for colon-targeted drug delivery Rana, Ritik Singh; Ale, Yogita; Pant, Pankaj; Kukreti, Neha; Jakhmola, Vikash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.825

Abstract

Background: Colonic administration of drugs may enhance drug absorption, reduce adverse reactions, and facilitate delivery to specific therapeutic targets. Objective: Delivering pharmaceuticals to the colon poses challenges that require innovative formulation strategies. Methodology: Various formulation approaches have been explored for colon-targeted drug delivery systems. These approaches target the colon using formulation components that interact with GI physiology parameters such as pH, colonic flora, and enzymes. Result and Discussion: The article discussed the various research studies conducted for colon targeting involving novel strategies such as pH-dependent, enzyme-dependent, Ligand-Receptor-based, new technologies, Phloral, and magnetically derived approaches. It also explored the translational technologies, such as in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, which expedite the transition from fundamental research to clinical application and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the most relevant preclinical studies, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, and in silico research, are delineated to facilitate the strategic advancement of novel colon-targeted therapeutics.
Quality by design driven RP-HPLC method optimization for analysis of levothyroxine and liothyronine in bulk and tablet dosage form Darade, Ramdas; Pekamwar, Sanjay
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.867

Abstract

Background: Levothyroxine and Liothyronine are widely used in thyroid hormone replacement therapies. Simultaneously quantifying Levothyroxine and Liothyronine is important for managing thyroid hormone deficiency. Aim: This study aims to develop and validate an accurate and robust RP-HPLC method for simultaneously quantifying Levothyroxine and Liothyronine by utilizing Quality by Design (QbD). Methodology: Reversed phase chromatography was performed using a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic System (Agilent Technologies Ltd, 1100 series) equipped with a UV detector. The column used was Agilent C 18 (100 mm x 4.6 mm; 5µm) HPLC Column. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a mobile phase composed of Methanol and Formic acid (0.1%) (50:50 %v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, and a UV detector recorded the response at 254 nm. Design expert was used as software to evaluate experimental design studies (Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, USA, Version 13.0). Result and Discussion: The RP-HPLC method was established to quantify Levothyroxine and Liothyronine simultaneously. The established method was linear, and correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9993 and 0.9994 for Levothyroxine and Liothyronine, respectively. Retention times of Levothyroxine and Liothyronine were 2.587 minutes and 3.035 minutes. Results of accuracy, precision studies, LOD, and LOQ were found within acceptable limits. Conclusion: A robust RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of levothyroxine and liothyronine by utilizing a QbD. The QbD technique provided a systematic methodology for identifying and optimizing the critical parameters influencing the method's performance.
Formulation and evaluation of diclofenac emulgel using natural permeation enhancers Chandra Sekhar Naik D; Shaik Noor Mahammed; Mudigedu Samreen; S. Vamsi; P. Hemalatha
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.907

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to formulate a stable diclofenac emulgel and determine the penetration rate using different natural penetration enhancers. Methodology: Carbopol (934) and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were utilized as gelling agents due to their favorable viscosity characteristics, which render them widely used for regulating the flow properties of topically administered dosage forms. In the research, diclofenac served as the active ingredient, while Carbopol (934) & HPMC (0.5%) acted as gelling forms to form a proper gel base. Emulsion contains Tween-20 (0.05%), PEG (0.6%), liquid paraffin (0.75%), span-20 (0.1%), along with natural penetration enhancers (0.3%) initially prepared gel base & the emulsion with natural penetration enhancers combine conjointly to shape an appropriate diclofenac emulgel. Results and discussion: According to the study, the improved batch exhibits a 95.08% release in 48 hours and remains stable for about three. The optimized batch exhibits 46.6% suppression in the microbiological assay, whereas the marketed treatment only demonstrates 32.3% inhibition. However, the skin irritation test results have no erythema or edema. The rabbits' skin showed no signs of discomfort. According to stability experiments, the synthesized emulgel's antifungal activity, rheological analysis, in vitro drug release, and physical appearance did not alter after three months of storage. Conclusion: Overall, it was recommended that, in contrast to cream, the emulgel formulation come after the drug release for controlled, long-term drug delivery.
Design, development, and optimization of mucoadhesive buccal films of ganaxolone for enhanced bioavailability Pawar, Onkar; Godge, Rahul; Shinde, Ganesh; Barde, Kailas; Vikhe, Akshay
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.943

Abstract

Background: CDD disorder affects children mainly during their first three months of life. The buccal route offers advantages over oral administration for ganaxolone by avoiding first-pass metabolism and providing direct systemic absorption. This study aimed to formulate and characterise mucoadhesive buccal films of ganaxolone to increase its bioavailability. Methods: Mucoadhesive buccal films were prepared using a solvent casting technique employing HPMC K4M and Moringa gum as polymers. The formulation was optimized using a 32-factorial design, where polymer concentrations were varied systematically to achieve optimal film properties. Nine batches (OF1-OF9) were formulated and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters, mucoadhesive strength, percentage drug content, goat buccal mucosa permeation study, and stability analysis. Results: Based on the findings, the OF8 batch containing optimal polymer ratio (250mg HPMC K4M and 60mg Moringa gum) emerged as the superior formulation with 94.45±0.34% drug content, 15.37±0.58 N/mm² tensile strength, and 7.8±0.57 N mucoadhesive strength. Permeation studies consequently confirmed 96.37% of the drug at 8 hours with a 13.63 µg /cm² /h permeation rate. There was no evidence of drug-excipient interaction in FTIR and DSC analysis. The formulation was set to be stable for 6 months at accelerated conditions (40±2°C, 75±5% RH) with an average tensile strength above 15 N/mm² and an average ex-vivo drug permeation of 93%. Conclusion: This optimized buccal film formulation demonstrates promising potential for clinical application in CDD treatment by offering enhanced bioavailability, controlled release, and patient-friendly administration, which is particularly beneficial for pediatric patients.
Identification of novel potential benzimidazole derivatives by pharmacophore generation, 3D-QSAR, virtual screening, molecular docking and ADME/ TOX analysis against breast cancer as targeted estrogen alpha receptor Sharma, Aastha; Banga, Nitish; Marwaha, Rakesh Kumar; Narasimhan, Balasubramanian
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.951

Abstract

Background: The estrogen alpha receptor (ERα) is critical in breast carcinogenesis. Although selective estrogen receptor modulators like tamoxifen are clinically used, their adverse effects highlight the need for safer alternatives. The study uses computational methods to identify potential ERα inhibitors within a benzimidazole scaffold. Methodology: This study employed computational approaches, including pharmacophore generation, 3D-QSAR, virtual screening, molecular docking, and in silico ADME/Tox analysis. The best pharmacophore model (DDRRR_1) identified two hydrogen donors and three aromatic rings as critical features. Moreover, a rigorous external validation was used on decoy databases with optimized metrics (ROC, BEDROC, AUROC). A subsequent atom-based 3D-QSAR model with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9), cross-validated coefficient (Q² = 0.8), and Fisher ratio (F = 80.1) was developed. Benzimidazole scaffolds from PubChem were screened, followed by docking against ERα (PDB ID: 3ERT) and ADMET profiling. Results and Discussion: The pharmacophore model validated the importance of the identified features. The 3D-QSAR model effectively screened benzimidazole scaffolds, with five component PLS factors, supporting the pharmacophore findings. This model effectively screened benzimidazole scaffolds obtained from the PubChem database, followed by molecular docking against the targeted protein ERα (PDB ID: 3ERT) and identified five promising compounds. ADME/Tox profiling revealed PubChem ID 3074802 (2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]1H-benzimidazole) has favourable pharmacokinetics and a low toxicity profile. Conclusion: These findings indicate that PubChem ID 3074802 is a promising candidate for further therapeutic drug development in breast cancer treatment. It demonstrates the highest binding affinity (-9.842 kcal/mol) compared to the standard drug Tamoxifen (-5.357 kcal/mol) and exhibits a favorable ADME/Tox profile.
A comprehensive review of peptic ulcer disease: epidemiology, experimental models, and mechanistic insights Singh, Laliteswar Pratap; Chatterjee, Sandip; Kar, Sanjeeb Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.953

Abstract

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, resulting from an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors, leading to mucosal erosion. Various factors influence its pathogenesis, including Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and oxidative stress. Objective: We review PUD epidemiology, varying experimental models, and mechanistic insights into PUD and promising therapeutics. Methodology: We systematically reviewed previous literature on PUD, including epidemiological trends, commonly used in vivo, and molecular mechanisms. Results and discussion: The global prevalence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) follows an epidemiological pattern influenced by geography, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Experimental models using ethanol, NSAIDs, or Helicobacter pylori induction provide valuable insights into disease progression and pathophysiology. Emerging trends:  Recent research in peptic ulcer disease focuses on molecular mechanisms, gut microbiome interactions, personalized therapies, and novel pharmacological agents. Molecular studies explore genetic and epigenetic factors influencing ulcer formation, while microbiome research examines the role of gut bacteria beyond H. pylori. Personalized treatment approaches use genetic profiling and biomarkers to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Additionally, emerging pharmacological agents aim to improve acid suppression, promote mucosal healing, and develop more effective H. pylori eradication strategies. Conclusion: A deeper understanding of PUD pathophysiology through epidemiological studies and experimental models can aid in developing novel, targeted therapies. Future research should focus on alternative treatments, including phytochemicals and probiotics, to enhance ulcer prevention and management.
Development of a stability-indicating UPLC method for quantification of mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx in pharmaceutical formulations using quality by design (QbD) principles Rao, K. V. Umamaheswara; Shorgar, Neetu
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.977

Abstract

Background: This study intended to introduce a robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for quantifying Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx (MSG) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. A systematic approach incorporating the Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to optimize reliable, sensitive, and efficient chromatographic conditions. Methodology: The finalized method utilized a Waters ACQUITY BEH Phenyl (50 mm) Column with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid in 30:70 (v/v) at 0.2 mL/min and 271 nm and PDA wavelength. Results and discussion: The method validation demonstrates excellent linearity (R² = 0.991, p < 0.05) over 17.50–105 µg/mL. The Intraday and interday precision (%RSD) values were 0.568 and 0.544, respectively, confirming method reproducibility. Accuracy was validated through recovery studies, which produced results within the range of 100.1–100.5%, whereas the robustness test highlights the method's resilience to minor variations. This method detects MSG at a very low concentration of 0.42 µg/mL, confirming method sensitivity. The forced degradation studies were conducted under various stress conditions. The result suggests that moderate degradation of 10.3%, 14.5%, and 9.5 % was noticed in acidic, peroxide, and reduction (9.5%) conditions. Conclusion: The purity analyses confirm the absence of significant impurities in the stress degradation chromatogram, highlighting the stability of MSG and the reliability of the proposed method. In conclusion, the proposed method was rapid, sensitive, precise, robust, and stable for quantifying MSG in pharmaceutical formulations.

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