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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)" : 25 Documents clear
Antimicrobial potential, GC-MS analysis, and molecular docking studies of Pogostemon benghalensis leaf extract Kashyap, Bhaswati; Das, Siddhartha Sankar; Sharma, Dipjyoti; Bora, Nilutpal Sharma; Gam, Sameeran; Dutta, Koushik Nandan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.833

Abstract

Background: Pogostemon benghalensis has several medicinal uses in Northeast India, including wound healing activity. Currently, no molecular modeling research has examined the antimicrobial potential of its phytoconstituents. This molecular docking research identifies bioactive chemicals and evaluates their antibacterial properties. Methodology: Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial tests were performed on a crude ethyl acetate extract of Pogostemon benghalensis leaves. After GC-MS analysis revealed the phytoconstituents, in-silico molecular docking was performed against the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzymes of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results and discussion: The crude ethyl acetate extract of Pogostemon benghalensis leaves included alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The extract also demonstrated potent in vitro antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. GC-MS data demonstrated that Phytol was the most abundant compound (53.72%) followed by Oxirane, dodecyl (13.51%.). Molecular docking studies demonstrated identified compounds have high binding affinity (BA) to the bacterial DHFR enzyme. Notable compounds are Androst-5-ene-3,19-diol, 3-acetate (3 β) with -7.4 kcal/mol BA against E. coli DHFR and -10.1kcal/mol against S. aureus DHFR; Retinol acetate with -8.7 kcal/mol BA against E. coli DHFR and Phytol with -6.5 kcal/mol BA against E. coli DHFR and -6.7 kcal/mol BA for S. aureus DHFR respectively. Conclusion: The results show that Pogostemon benghalensis contains valuable bioactive compounds with high antibacterial activity which further validates the use of this plant as a wound healing medication. However, further in vivo experimental validation of these results and their toxicological implications are required.
Applications of bioactive compounds of traditional Chinese medicine in breast cancer management Srivastava, Saumya; Upadhye, Vijay Jagdish; Prasad, Madhulika Esther; Singh, Pallavi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.935

Abstract

Background: Over the past few decades, the prevalence of breast cancer has been rapidly increasing, making it one of the most prevalent malignancies diagnosed in women globally. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gained attention as a potential approach for managing breast cancer by boosting immune response, inhibiting cancer-related gene activity, and alleviating the adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. TCM offers a valuable framework for therapeutic systems and scientific exploration that is widely practiced in many regions worldwide, primarily in China, Korea, and Japan. The herbal components of TCM exhibit complex biological activities that influence multiple aspects of cancer progression, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), immune modulation, and tumor-host interactions. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2024. Relevant data were collected from publicly available scientific databases. Non-English, Conference papers, and duplicate studies were excluded to ensure the inclusion of high-quality and relevant research findings. Result and Discussion: Analysis revealed that specific bioactive compounds in TCM exhibit significant anti-cancer effects. For example, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited tumor growth by 45% in vivo, while curcumin reduced MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell viability by 60% at 20 μM. Conclusion: The promise of TCM, especially its bioactive components and medicinal herbs in the treatment of breast cancer, is the main highlight of this paper. Additionally, it highlights the key scientific databases that provide critical insights into TCM research while exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of Chinese herbs and their bioactive components in mitigating breast cancer progression.        
Preliminary phytochemical screening, FT-IR, and HPTLC analysis, and antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of Dalbergia sisso leaves Chaddha, Varun; Gupta, Reena
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.967

Abstract

Background: Dalbergia sissoo is a well-known plant known as Shisham. It has medicinal importance, including analgesic, antipyretic, and antiemetic properties. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to investigate the bioactive constituents in the methanolic leaf extract of Dalbergia sisso by characterizing it using FT-IR and HPTLC techniques, and to determine its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Methodology: A Soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction process. 150 g of Dalbergia sisso powdered leaves was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus for 30 hours, utilizing methanol as a solvent. The solvent was vaporized and concentrated to produce a dry residue once the extraction was finished. The yield percentages for the methanolic extract were 4.8% respectively. Result and Discussion: FT-IR spectroscopy showed different peak values for functional compounds in the methanolic extract. The FTIR spectrum of the methanolic leaf extract shows the interpretation of the chemical bonds in the methanolic leaf extract. HPTLC studies revealed that the active compound lupeol is present in the methanolic extract. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the methanolic extract of Dalbergia sisso leaves contains lupeol and quercetin bioactive compounds. The methanolic extract of Dalbergia sisso leaves was found to have antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The HPTLC technique found lupeol, which may possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The FT-IR spectrum revealed the presence of hydroxyl, hydrocarbon, aldehyde, allene, and secondary alcohol groups in the methanolic extract, consistent with the presence of quercetin. The methanolic leaf extracts show the presence of saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinone glycosides, and tannins.
Formulation development and evaluation of oil-based PLGA nanocarriers of fluticasone propionate Shejwal, Aniruddha; Shevalkar, Ganesh B.; Borse, Laxmikant B.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.969

Abstract

Background: Fluticasone Propionate (FP), a potent corticosteroid, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and limited skin permeability, which reduces its clinical efficacy in topical applications. This work aims to overcome these limitations; oil-based poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocarriers were developed to enhance the solubility, stability, and sustained release of FP. Methodology: A 3² factorial design was employed to formulate nine batches of PLGA nanocarriers loaded with FP using varying concentrations of PLGA and Capmul MCM. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimized batch was further characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Stability studies were conducted over 30 days under accelerated conditions. Results and Discussion: Among all batches, formulation F1 exhibited optimal characteristics, with a particle size of 197.5 nm, a zeta potential of -27.4 mV, and a drug content of 99.85%. The in vitro drug release profile showed a sustained release of 97% over 12 hours. SEM confirmed a spherical morphology with uniform distribution, while DSC and XRD analyses indicated the amorphous dispersion of the drug within the PLGA matrix. The formulation remained physically and chemically stable during the 30-day accelerated stability testing. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that oil-based PLGA nanocarriers effectively enhance the solubility and controlled delivery of Fluticasone Propionate. Although in vivo validation is pending, the system offers promising potential for improving topical corticosteroid therapy in clinical settings. The novelty of this formulation lies in the strategic combination of Isopropyl Myristate and PLGA to create an oil-based nanocarrier platform, which has not been previously reported for Fluticasone Propionate. This approach enables superior drug encapsulation, enhanced skin permeability, and controlled drug delivery.
Formulation, optimization, and standardization of orodispersible herbal tablets using design of experiments (DOE) Shinde, Ganesh; Jadhav, Ravindra; Godge, Rahul; Vikhe, Dattaprasad; Tambe, Vishal; Khule, Shubham
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.973

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop and optimize an orodispersible herbal tablet incorporating Achyranthes aspera Linn extract. Sodium Starch Glycolate and Crospovidone were employed as superdisintegrants to promote rapid tablet disintegration, while β-cyclodextrin was utilized to enhance the solubility of specific constituents within the extract. The optimized formulation exhibited a rapid disintegration time of 1.805 seconds and achieved a cumulative drug release of 98.04%, indicating improved dissolution and potential enhancement in oral bioavailability. Methodology: Orodispersible tablets were formulated using Design of Experiments (DOE) software, with crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate as independent variables, and time of disintegration and cumulative drug release as dependent variables. The formulation was evaluated for weight variation, uniformity, hardness, wetting time, and in vitro dispersion time. Result & Discussion: The optimized F6 batch of orodispersible herbal tablets demonstrated the following characteristics: hardness of 2.98 kg/cm², friability of 0.58%, weight variation of 3.319%, disintegration time of 13.805 seconds, wetting time of 34.4 seconds, content uniformity of 99.5%, water absorption of 36%, and cumulative drug release of 98.04%, all within the permissible limits as per official pharmacopoeialstandards. Conclusion: The study concludes that crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate effectively reduce disintegration time and improve cumulative drug release. These findings validate the reliability of the model, with minor deviations attributed to experimental variability.
Transdermal delivery of risedronate using chemical enhancers for improved skin penetration Nam, So Hee
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1013

Abstract

Background: Risedronate sodium (RIS) is effective for bone diseases but has low bioavailability and severe side effects. This study investigates the use of hydrophilic enhancers to improve the efficiency of RIS's transdermal delivery. Methods: This study involved preparing topical samples of RIS with various enhancers, including ethanol (EtOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Dimethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME), and propylene glycol (PG). In vitro permeation tests were conducted using hairless mouse skin in Franz diffusion cells, and skin irritation tests were performed on mice. Results: The cumulative amount of RIS after 24 hours significantly increased with penetration enhancers: 6.02 μg/cm² (RIS alone), 90.22 μg/cm² (20% DGME), 67.31 μg/cm² (20% PG), 266.31 μg/cm² (20% DMSO), and 784.52 μg/cm² (20% EtOH). EtOH showed a dose-dependent increase, with 1,302.76 μg/cm² at 50% concentration. Further experiments using DMSO and EtOH at concentrations of 5% and 10% identified the optimal permeation enhancement as follows: 201.36 ± 31.6 μg/cm2 (5% DMSO), 183.03 ± 31.6 μg/cm2 (10% DMSO), 261.71 ± 164.93 μg/cm2 (5% EtOH), 569.21 ± 197.67 μg/cm2 (10% EtOH). Discussion: EtOH and DMSO significantly enhanced RIS penetration by modifying the skin's structure. The study suggests that adjusting the concentration of these enhancers can control the penetration profile, offering a promising alternative to oral delivery. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that chemical enhancers significantly improved the skin penetration of RIS. The transdermal delivery of RIS can help reduce the side effects of oral delivery of the drug and thus improve patients’ compliance.
Mechanical and dissolution properties of Eudragit L100 and S100 films in buffer solutions Ambudkar, Vaibhav Jindas; Chauhan, Rashmi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1054

Abstract

Background: Methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) affect the mechanical and dissolution properties of enteric polymers, such as Eudragit L100 and S100. Their composition determines polymer flexibility, strength, and solubility, which are critical for pharmaceutical enteric coatings. This study examines the impact of the MAA: MMA ratio on the mechanical and dissolution properties of Eudragit L100 (1:1) and Eudragit S100 (1:2) films. Methodology: Mechanical testing assessed stiffness, tensile strength, and flexibility. Dissolution studies evaluated solubility at different pH levels, measuring peak dissolution rates. Results and Discussion: Eudragit L100, with more MAA, was stiffer and more brittle, while Eudragit S100 had higher tensile strength but reduced flexibility. Acidic conditions weakened both, due to water interactions with MAA. Eudragit L100 dissolved rapidly at pH 7.2 (90% mass loss in 60 min, peak 30.4 mg/g·min at 10 min), whereas Eudragit S100 showed minimal dissolution at lower pH, but dissolved significantly at pH 8.0 (64.5% at 180 min, peak 6.7 mg/g·min at 30 min). Larger dissolution volumes, maintained concentration gradients, enhancing dissolution, while high-capacity buffers stabilized pH and improved solubility. Conclusion: MAA: MMA composition critically affects the mechanical and dissolution properties of Eudragit L100 and S100, with concentration gradients playing a key role in dissolution, informing their application in enteric coatings.
Scientific perspectives on Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS): A comprehensive review for sentience after early 2025 GBS outbreak in an Indian state Patil, Sarika J; Bhosale, Rohit R; Chavan, Dhanashri D; Yadav, Akshay R; Patil, Swapnil S
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1091

Abstract

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, self-limiting, and rare neurological disorder wherein the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A report, published in February 2025 by the Indian newspaper ‘The Times of India’, highlighted a significant outbreak of GBS in the Indian state of Maharashtra, owing to the Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection. The surge in cases has been considered as one of the most significant recorded GBS outbreaks globally, which underscores the need to raise GBS awareness. Method: This article provides an in-depth scientific perspective on GBS, drawing on literature from scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. It aims to enhance awareness among science-related students, researchers, medical and paramedical professionals, and the general public. Result and discussion: GBS is an acute polyneuropathy characterized by limb weakness with hyporeflexia or areflexia. In severe forms, respiratory and bulbar paralysis can occur, requiring mechanical ventilatory support. It is the commonest cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. The basic underlying mechanism of the disease is a localized attack against the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots, with secondary axonal damage. It is believed that the bacterial antigens have a close molecular mimicry with neural antigens. As a result, the response generated against these antigens cross-reacts with the neural cells. Plasma exchange, immunoglobulin infusion, and plasmapheresis are the mainstays of treatment for GBS. Conclusion: A thorough understanding of GBS is essential, including its pathophysiology, underlying causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and the latest advancements.
RP-HPLC method for quantitative estimation of naftifine hydrochloride in formulated products: development and validation Shinde, Kajal Sunil; Jangme, Chandraprabhu Motichand; Patil , Abhinandan Raosaheb
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1115

Abstract

Background: Naftifine hydrochloride is an allylamine antifungal agent commonly used to treat dermatophyte infections. It inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis, thereby disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, and is typically formulated as a 1% topical cream or gel. Methodology: A rapid and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of naftifine hydrochloride in a topical cream formulation (2% Naftifast, Zydus),  in accordance with ICH and FDA guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS column using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 35% acetonitrile, 40% methanol, 25% water, and 0.8% triethylamine (pH adjusted to 5.5 with acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. Detection was performed at 265 nm. Results and Discussion: Naftifine hydrochloride showed a retention time of approximately 4.0 minutes with a total run time of 6.0 minutes. The method displayed excellent linearity over a concentration range of 20–120 µg/mL (R² > 0.999). Recovery studies indicated a mean recovery of 100.4%. Precision was confirmed by relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 2%, demonstrating the method’s reproducibility. Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, precise, and time-efficient. It is suitable for routine quality control of naftifine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms due to its short analysis time and strong validation performance.
Neuroprotective potential of methanolic leaf extracts of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus on scopolamine-induced amnesia in swiss albino mice Mishra, Vishwambhar; Chauhan, Bhupendra; Chaudhri, Sanjiv Kumar; Deepika Rani
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1139

Abstract

Background: The primary reason for memory loss is Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition in specific brain parts. This study aims to illustrate the relative enhancement of memory, along with the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extracts from Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus in scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Methodology: Methanolic extracts of the leaves of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus were evaluated for their effects on scopolamine-induced impaired learning and memory in Swiss albino mice using behavioral animal models, including the Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze (EPM), and object recognition task (ORT). Antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also assessed at different doses, i.e., 200 and 400 mg/Kg of methanolic extracts of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus, as well as their combinations. Results and Discussion: The various doses of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus methanolic leaf extracts significantly modified scopolamine effects in experimental animals. Extracts significantly decreased escape latency (ELT) in the MWM test. Inflexion ratio (IR) in the EPM test was significantly raised by extracts, as well as the discrimination index (DI) in ORT. The SOD and GPx levels were significantly enhanced whereas TBARS significantly reduced by extracts. The significant reduced level of AChE was reported in extract treated mice. The extracts from both plants exhibited significant results at different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and combination of both plant extracts (MCel+MCal 400) at 400mg/kg dose showed most significant result. Conclusion: The results revealed that methanolic leaf extracts of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus hold potent antiamnesic effects.

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