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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)" : 25 Documents clear
Chromatographic profiling of leniolisib impurities using HPLC and LC-MS/MS: degradation behaviour, structural characterization, and in-silico toxicity evaluation Gunupati, Rahul; Tulasi, S. Lakshmi; Shaik, Rasheed Babu; Lakshmi, L. Bhagya; Tangeti, Venkata Swamy
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1143

Abstract

Background: This study presents a comprehensive analytical investigation of leniolisib, focusing on impurity profiling, degradation kinetics, structural characterization, and in silico toxicity prediction of degradation products (DPs). Methodology: A systematic approach was employed to optimize the analytical method for leniolisib and its impurities, along with LC–MS/MS-based identification and in-silico toxicity prediction of DPs. Result and Discussion: Method optimized as Waters Symmetry C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase (methanol: sodium acetate buffer, 55:45 v/v) at 0.90 mL/min with UV detection at 229 nm. Leniolisib was most susceptible to acid and oxidative stress, resulting in 31.24% and 39.58% degradation, respectively. Pseudo-first-order kinetics was observed with rate constants of 0.0329 h⁻¹ (acidic) and 0.0414 h⁻¹ (oxidative), with half life of 21.08 h and 16.73 h. LC–MS/MS elucidates the identities of major DPs that enable the proposed degradation pathways. The MS/MS characterization confirms DP 1  with a formula of C13H15N5O with a mass of 257 g/mol, whereas DP 2, 3, and 4 were identified to have formulas of C20H26N6O2, C13H12F3N5O, and C17H19F3N6O with masses of 382, 311, and 380 g/mol, respectively. The In-silico toxicity predictions show DP 1 (LD₅₀ = 500 mg/kg) and DP 2 (729 mg/kg) as moderate toxicity (class 4), DP 4 shows the least toxicity (class 5, LD₅₀ = 1750 mg/kg), whereas DP3 shows the highest toxicity (class 3, LD₅₀ = 250 mg/kg). Conclusion: The developed method and accompanying data provide a critical foundation for routine quality control, stability testing, and regulatory submissions for leniolisib-based formulations.
Formulation, designing and evaluation of gastro-retentive floating microspheres using silymarin, curcumin and piperine for hepatoprotection Badewale, Misbah Sultana Abdul Kausar; Tegeli, Varsha Siddheswar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1167

Abstract

Background: Curcumin, Silymarin, and Piperine are natural phytoconstituents with proven hepatoprotective effects; however, their therapeutic efficacy is limited by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. A gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system offers a strategic approach to enhance gastric residence time and improve absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methodology: Floating microspheres were developed using the solvent evaporation technique with Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit RS 100 as polymers. A series of trial formulations was statistically optimized using Design Expert® software. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size, buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, drug release profile, and stability. Results and Discussion: The optimized formulation (Batch F3) demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (>98%) and sustained buoyancy of 95.94% over 8-hour. At the end of 12 hours, cumulative drug release was 66.24% for Curcumin, 68.21% for Silymarin, and 72.82% for Piperine. Drug release followed zero-order kinetics, with the best model fit (R² = 0.9938) observed for Piperine. SEM images confirmed the presence of spherical and uniform microspheres. The formulation remained stable for 90 days under ICH Q1A(R2) conditions. Conclusion: The developed microspheres offer a promising gastroretentive system for controlled delivery of hepatoprotective agents, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes for liver-related disorders.
Pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and in vitro bioassay studies of Osbeckia stellata Buch-ham. leaves Bordoloi, Chayanika; Bora, Nilutpal Sharma; Laloo, Damiki
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1199

Abstract

Background: Osbeckia stellata (Os) is a medicinally significant herb that is consumed for the treatment of various diseases, including skin diseases, diabetes, diarrhea, cancer, asthma, arthritis, dysentery, leukoderma, hypertension, jaundice, malaria, rheumatism, spondylitis, and tuberculosis, as well as inflammation and wound healing. Methodology: This study standardizes the plant of Os by accepted practices. Os leaves have been examined physicochemically, phytochemically, microscopically, and morphologically. Extracts were reviewed for both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical examination, and in vitro bioassays were also evaluated. Results: Diagnostic traits, such as xylem arteries, trichomes with cover, and anomocytic stomata, were identified in the histological study. Nutritional profiling revealed fiber content (48.1 ± 0.99 mg/100 g). Heavy metal analysis revealed that Pb, Hg, Sn, Sb, Cd, Cu, and As were within the permissible limits. Pesticide residues were verified with ICP-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant studies of different extracts show IC₅₀ values 1003.35±0.23, 152.11±0.1, 192.12±0.14, 111.79±0.06, and 982.49±0.31 (μg/ml) as compared to standard 130.54±0.03 and 330.86±0.09 (μg/ml). Antimicrobial assay studies show the Zone of Inhibition by different extracts is 26.00 ± 1.20, 17.00 ± 0.60, 18.66 ± 0.58, 22.33 ± 1.52, 6.33 ± 0.58 (mm) as compared to the standard 38.00 ± 1.00, 35.00 ± 1.35, 22.00 ± 1.00, 41.00 ± 1.00, 30.66 ± 1.54(mm). Discussion: The methanol extract of Os has total phenols and total tannins of 120.04±5.97 and 123.0±1.52 (mg/g TAE), respectively, which is high in quantity and is reported to possess high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.  Conclusion: This study concludes that the quality control parameters for Os are essential for promoting its use in pharmaceutical applications.
Neuroprotective insights into Agave cantala: dual modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by phytochemicals through integrated in silico and in vitro approaches Selvi, P. Thamarai; R Srinivasan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1202

Abstract

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are strongly associated with chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants offer promising multitarget therapeutic potential. Objective: This study evaluated the dual therapeutic activity of phytochemicals from Agave cantala in modulating neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Methodology: Bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS, focusing on delphinidin, tigogenin, Agavasaponin_H, and Agavasaponin_E. Molecular docking was performed to assess their binding affinity toward inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by measuring TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results and Discussion: Docking studies revealed strong interactions of delphinidin and tigogenin with TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting effective inhibition. In vitro, delphinidin reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production by up to 81% and 75%, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Tigogenin and the saponins also showed notable cytokine suppression. The Agave cantala extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, achieving 78.3% radical scavenging in the DPPH assay at 100 μg/mL. These results indicate that the identified phytochemicals modulate key inflammatory and oxidative pathways, supporting their multitarget action. Conclusion: The integrated in silico and in vitro data highlight Agave cantala phytochemicals, especially delphinidin and tigogenin, as promising candidates for managing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Further in vivo validation and pharmacokinetic profiling are recommended to support their clinical potential.
Development and in vitro evaluation of liquid crystal-based polyherbal hair gels: physicochemical characterization, hair performance, and antioxidant assessment David, Sheba R; Rajabalaya, Rajan; Mohamed Jefri , Umi Haida Nadia
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1225

Abstract

Background: A liquid crystal (LC) based polyherbal hair gel was developed to enhance physicochemical stability and functional performance in topical hair care. The objective was to integrate herbal oils (flaxseed, coconut, and almond) and aqueous extracts (green tea, keratin hydrolysate, and pea peptide), known for their moisturizing, antioxidant, follicle-protective, and anti-frizz effects, into a stable gel matrix for scalp care and conditioning. Methodology: Ten formulations (F1–F10) incorporating flaxseed, coconut, and almond oils with green tea, marula extract (Sclerocarya birrea), keratin hydrolysate, and pea extract were prepared via coacervation, vortex mixing, and high-pressure homogenization. The gels were evaluated for their organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, particle size (as determined by dynamic light scattering, DLS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Polarized Light Microscopy and FTIR characterized structural features. Functional performance was evaluated by in vitro studies on hair diameter and weight changes, as well as anti-frizz, anti-static, and antioxidant (DPPH) activities. Results and Discussion: Formulation F6 showed optimal nanometric characteristics (186.47 ± 1.90 nm, PDI 0.351 ± 0.01, zeta potential −35.9 mV), indicating stable colloidal dispersion. FTIR and microscopy confirmed molecular compatibility and mesophase birefringence. In vitro assessments revealed marked improvement in hair thickness for F6 and F9, with superior anti-frizz and anti-static performance for F4 and F9. Antioxidant activity was moderate compared to Trolox. F4 and F6 maintained stability over 28 days at different temperatures. Conclusion: F4 and F6 demonstrated superior in vitro performance and stability, suggesting promise as cosmeceutical hair care candidates. In vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm efficacy and long-term safety.
Development of abemaciclib-encapsulated nanosponges for breast cancer: optimization, drug release kinetics, and in vitro efficacy Bolledla, Nirosha; Bakshi, Vasudha
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1234

Abstract

Background: Abemaciclib (ABC) is a new, orally administered pharmaceutical agent authorised for the purpose of combating breast cancer. The drug's low bioavailability necessitates dosing two to three times daily, which may reduce patient compliance. To lessen the severity of side effects and prolong the duration of action, sustained-release formulations are required. Developing an ABC sustained-release nanoparticle system was the primary goal of this study. Methodology: Both the sustained-release polymer (EC) and the surfactant (KP-188) were derived from ethyl cellulose, in an emulsion-solvent diffusion synthesis of nanosponges (NS). We examined the impact of varying surfactant concentrations and drug-to-polymer ratios on PS, PDI, ZP, %EE, %DL, particle size, drug loading, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. Results and Discussion: The optimized formulation (F11) achieved an entrapment efficiency of 86.52±0.25% and a cumulative drug release of 77.12% over 24 hours. The drug release followed a sustained pattern over 24 hours. It best fits the Higuchi kinetic model, which indicates that drug diffusion was the primary mechanism of release from the matrix system. The MTT experiment demonstrated that ABC might be a viable cytotoxic nanocarrier for breast cancer cells from humans, specifically MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. On top of that, following contact with storage settings of 25, 5, and 45 °C for six months, ABC maintained its drug release property with no modification in the percentage release. Conclusion: This study shows that the created NS could effectively transport and release ABC, amplifying its impact in the battle against breast cancer.
Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant evaluation of root ethanol extract of Maesa indica (Roxb.) sweet Pooja K P; Shrishail H C
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1237

Abstract

Background: Healing herbs have long been used in traditional medicine due to their therapeutic properties and rich content of bioactive molecules. Despite its traditional applications, research on the root part of Maesa indica is scarce. This study focuses on exploring the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of M. indica roots. Methodology: Secondary metabolites were identified using Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the metal chelating activity assay. Quantification of total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoids was also conducted. Results and Discussion: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and saponins. LC-Q-TOF-MS profiling identified seven primary secondary metabolites. The root extract exhibited high phenolic content (380.91 ± 23.52 µg/mg) and moderate flavonoid concentration (114.21 ± 6.25 µg/mg). Antioxidant activity of root extract was demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging showed strong activity (IC₅₀: 88.78 µg/mL) and moderate ferrous ion chelating activity (IC₅₀: 172.31 µg/mL), suggesting effective free radical neutralization. Conclusion: The findings highlight the root extract of M. indica as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Compared to previous studies on aerial parts of the plant, the root extract offers comparable or enhanced antioxidant capacity, suggesting its value in future pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations
Innovative nanostructured lipid carrier gel for enhanced topical delivery of roflumilast in psoriasis management Abhishek Singh; Anurag Verma; Prashant Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1242

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder marked by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, causing erythematous, scaly plaques that impair quality of life. Current therapies have side effects and poor solubility, highlighting the need for improved topical delivery systems. Methodology: An NLC-based gel encapsulating the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast was developed for enhanced topical delivery. NLCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization with oleic acid, glycerol monostearate, and Tween 80, and incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel. The physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and in vivo efficacy of imiquimod in imiquimod-induced psoriatic rats were evaluated. Results: The developed gel was homogeneous, white, and transparent, with a dermally compatible pH (5.36-5.85), optimal viscosity (3.5-14.5 Pa·s), and good spreadability (4.3-7.2 g/cm/s). Formulation F3 showed high encapsulation efficiency (90.38 ± 2.91%) and sustained drug release (~90% over 24 hours). Drug content ranged from 72% to 95%. Ex vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated enhanced roflumilast penetration. In vivo application led to a significant reduction in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores from 6.5 on Day 1 to 1.6 on Day 9. No signs of erythema, edema, or rashes were observed during the 72-hour skin irritation study, confirming excellent dermal compatibility. Histopathology confirmed decreased inflammation, reduced hyperkeratosis, and restored epidermal architecture.  Discussion: The NLC-based roflumilast gel showed favorable physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties, offering improved delivery and sustained release over conventional psoriasis therapies. Conclusion:  Roflumilast-NLC gel is a promising topical therapy for psoriasis with controlled release and enhanced skin retention.
In vitro anticancer potential of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) leaf methanolic extracts via SRB and MTT assays against MCF-7 cell line Sunayana R. Vikhe; Sarika Vikhe; Vaibhav Bhamare
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1262

Abstract

Background: Cancer causes millions of deaths worldwide, with cases expected to reach 28.4 million by 2040. Natural plant compounds offer safer alternatives for cancer treatment. Aim: This study tested the anticancer activity of Manilkara hexandra leaf extracts against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials and methods: Methanolic extraction, followed by sequential fractionation via column chromatography, yielded bioactive fractions that underwent phytochemical and GC-MS characterization. Quantification of cytotoxicity was performed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays across a concentration gradient (10–80 μg/mL). Result and Discussion: Chemical screening found alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and other bioactive compounds. The petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (PE-EA) fraction contained quercetin (25.28%) and another major flavonoid (28.62%). This fraction exhibited strong dose-dependent cell killing, reducing cell survival to 31.8% (SRB) and 33.0% (MTT) at 80 μg/mL (p < 0.001). The IC₅₀ was 55 μg/mL in both assays. Conclusion: The anticancer activity correlates with high flavonoid content, suggesting these compounds cause cell death through apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. M. hexandra PE-EA fraction shows promise as a natural anticancer agent for breast cancer treatment
Chitosan-based mucoadhesive patches for buccal delivery of olmesartan in hypertension treatment Nikhate, Ram; Patil, Sanjay
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1298

Abstract

Background: Delivering poorly soluble drugs like Olmesartan (OMS) effectively remains a key challenge due to low oral bioavailability and extensive first-pass metabolism. To address this, buccal patches incorporating chitosan were developed as an alternative route to enhance systemic absorption. Methodology: A series of buccal patch formulations (F1–F17) was prepared using combinations of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), HPMC K4M, and Eudragit RL via solvent casting. These patches were evaluated for uniformity in weight, thickness, pH, mechanical strength, folding endurance, and mucoadhesion. Structural and morphological assessments were carried out using X-ray diffraction and SEM. Ex vivo and in vivo studies explored drug release, permeation, pharmacokinetics, and mucosal safety. An HPLC method was employed for accurate quantification, and stability was assessed under both accelerated and ambient conditions. Results and Discussion: The optimised patch (F2) demonstrated consistent physical properties, high flexibility, and strong mucoadhesion. XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous dispersion of OMS in the polymer matrix, aiding solubility. Drug release was sustained over 12 hours, and permeation studies showed controlled transport across the buccal membrane. In vivo results revealed a substantial improvement in drug bioavailability via buccal delivery (83.2%) compared to oral administration (30.2%). Histological analysis indicated no signs of tissue irritation. Patches maintained integrity and potency throughout six months of storage. Conclusion: The findings support the buccal patch as a viable, non-invasive platform for enhancing OMS delivery, offering improved therapeutic efficiency and patient compliance.

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