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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Search results for , issue "Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011" : 11 Documents clear

Efektivitas Kebijakan Harga Input dan Output Usahatani Tanaman Pangan pada Berbagai Agroekosistem di Indonesia Andriati, Andriati; Sudana, Wayan
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Fertilizers play important roles in increasing rice yield. Government policy in a form of determined Highest Retail Price (HRP) of urea and the Government Purchasing Price (GPP) of rice grains not always been effective, so that farmers might not rationally use the fertilizers. Assessment the effectiveness of policy on the implementation HRP and GPP was conducted in five provinces, with different agro-ecosystem. The assessment used primary data collected in 2008, with aim to analyze the effectiveness of the policy implementation on urea HRP and on rice grains GPP. Assessment locations at the provincial and regency levels were determined based on a purposive sampling technique, whereas assessment locations at the district to village levels were selected based on the production center, determined by the multistages random sampling. Data collection of input and output prices were done through surveys using structured questionnaires to kiosks of farm inputs at the village level, the Village Cooperative Units (KUD), and other relevant agencies. Results of the assessments indicated that policy on HRP of urea fertilizer was not effectively complied, especially in the irrigated land with a high-low tidal agro-ecosystem. The GPP policy implementation was quite effective; in the aggregate, the most effective implementation of the policy was on the irrigated lands. The highest level of farmersâ€™ ability to buy urea fertilizer (IHKD) was on the irrigated land. The urea HRP policy is expected to go along with the increase of grain GPP.

Pengelolaan Hara pada Varietas Padi Toleran Rendaman Ikhwani, Ikhwani; Makarim, A. Karim
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Nutrient management, by combining rice varieties tolerant to water submergence with plant spacing and timing and mode of fertilizer application is expected to reduce rice yield loss due to submergence in the flood-prone wetland. A study on nutrient management (fertilization) was conducted aiming to determine the effect of submergence on growth and production of rice varieties tolerant to submergence. The experiment was conducted on a special pond to simulate wetland conditions prone to submergence at the Sukamandi Experimental Station, Indonesia Center of Rice Research using a randomized bock design with factorial 2 x 5 three replications. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties, namely: (1) prill urea, (2) prill urea + briquette urea, (3) briquette urea, (4) prill urea + silicate and (5) urea in mudball. The fertilizer was given at 0 days after transplanting (DAT), 7 DAT, 30 DAT, and 42 DAT. The same treatments were made in a different ponds as a control but without submergence. Submergence was applied from 14 to 24 DAP (10 days). Results of the experiment showed that of 400 hills that were planted (16 m2/plot), after immersion for 10 days, the number of IR64 that survived ranged from 7-44 hills/plot, for IR64, whereas for IR64 sub-1 the survival plant hills are between 182 and 216. It indicated there are still many hills damaged by submergence for 10 days even for the tolerance rice variety. At harvest, the relative yields for submerged treatments compared with for non submergence ones are as follows 58.5%; 75.2%; 119.6%; 87.7%; and 77.7% namely for the respective fertilizer treatments; (1) 30 PR + 40 PR + 50 PR; (2) 60 BR + 30 PR + 30 PR; (3) 60 BR + 60 BR + 0; (4) No 1 + silicate and (5) 40 MB + 80MB + 0. Through this research we found the best N application using a briquette urea 9.34 ton dry (14% mc) grain.

Kandungan Mineral Beberapa Galur Harapan Padi Sawah Gunarsih, Cucu; Mejaya, Made J.; Indrasari, Siti Dewi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Rice as staple food is consumed as a source of energy and protein, but also contains minerals and vitamins. This study was aimed to obtain information on mineral contents of rice lines obtained from the bio-fortification program. The research was conducted at the Experiment Farm of the Rice Research Installation Sukamandi, during Wet Season of 2007/2008. A total of 26 rice varieties/lines with high yielding potential and high Fe and Zn contents in the grain were planted in 4 m x 5 m experimental plots with a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Samples of grain harvested from each plot were milled using a Satake mini grinder that produces milled rice with an 80% milling degree. Analysis of the mineral content of rice from the varieties/lines was tested using an ICP (Inductivity Couple Plasma) at the Waite Analytical Service Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Australia. The results indicated a wide diversity in the mineral contents (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Fe, Zn, and Mn) of the milled rice of the tested rice varieties/lines. Six lines produced milled rice rich in macro minerals (Ca, P, and K) and have a potential to be released as varieties with high macro mineral contents. Seven other rice lines produced high levels of Fe and Zn and are recommended as candidate for high yielding rice varieties with high micro mineral contents.

Peningkatan Daya Berkecambah dan Vigor Benih Padi Hibrida Melalui Invigorasi Wahyuni, Sri
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Seed of the rice hybrid generally is not fully filled, resulting in low seed quality. Study was conducted in 2009 at the Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Sukamandi, aiming to determine the effect of seed invigoration methods on viability and vigor of hybrid rice seeds. The treatments consisted of two factors, namely: (A) initial quality of Hipa 5 seeds, i.e., low and moderate, and (B) 8 seed invigoration methods, i.e., no treatment (control); soaking in water for 48 hours; soaking in 1.0 Mpa PEG 6000 solution for 24 hours; soaking in 5 ppm GA3 solution for 24 hours; soaking in 10 ppm GA3 solution for 24 hours; 12 hours hardening, 24 hours hardening), and soaking in a solution mixture of GA3 10 ppm Kinetin + 15 ppm for 24 hours. The results showed that all seed invigoration treatments increased seed germinations by 1 to 8% and the seed growth rates by 0.7 to 4.3 %/24 hour in seeds of hybrid rice Hipa 5, either in the high initial quality seeds or in the low initial quality seeds. Soaking of the medium quality seeds in 10 ppm GA3 + 15 ppm kinetin solution resulted in the highest seed germination (89%). In the low quality seeds, treatments with GA3 and 15 ppm Kinetin also resulted in high seed germination (79%), equivalent to that of treatment with 24 hours hardening (78%). All seed invigoration treatments, except for soaking in water for 48 hours, increased length and dry weight of the seedling stem. The highest length of the stem was shown from seed soaked in 10 ppm GA3 solution (16.8 cm), whereas the highest stem dry weight was shown from seed soaked in a mixture of 10 ppm GA3 + kinetin 15 ppm solution (526 mg/seedling). Based on all variables evaluated, soaking seeds in 10 ppm GA3 solution or a mixed solution of 10 ppm GA3 + kinetin 15 ppm is considered effective invigoration treatment to improve vigor and growth of hybrid rice seeds.

Potensi Cendawan Entomopatogen Verticillium lecanii dan Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengendalikan Wereng Hijau dan Menekan Intensitas Penyakit Tungro Ladja, Fausiah T.; Santoso, Teguh; Nurhayati, Endang
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Pests and diseases cause significant rice yield losses every planting season. One of the important rice disease is tungro, a virus disease transmitted by green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens Distant), that can cause yield losses of up to 90%. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi Verticillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana to control N. virescens as a vector of the tungro virus. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was conidial density of the fungi and the second factor was period of food acquisition. The variables observed were mortality and the ability to fly of N. virescens at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after application (DAA), tungro disease symptoms, virus incubation periods, disease incidences, plant heights, and number of tillers. The results showed that applications of B. bassiana (107 conidia/ml) and V. lecanii (108 conidia/ml) caused death of green leafhoppers within 3-14 DAA. Based on the virus incubation period and the incidence of the tungro disease, application of the entomopathogenic fungi did not affect the ability of N. virescens to transmit tungro virus.

Reaksi Padi Hibrida Introduksi terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri dan Hubungannya dengan Hasil Gabah Sudir, Sudir; Sutaryo, Bambang
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

A research was conducted to determine the response of introduced hybrid rice varieties to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and its relationship to grain yields The trial was planted at the Sukamandi Experiment Station during the wet season (WS) 2008/09 and at Kuningan Experiment Station in the dry season (DS) of 2008 and WS 2008/09. Fourteen rice genotypes consisting of 9 introduced hybrid rice varieties from China, variety Code (resistant check), IR64 (susceptible check), and Intani-2 Batang Samo (hybrid checks), and Ciherang (inbred check) were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The trial at Kuningan, a BLB endemic area, was carried out with an assumption that grain yield performances of the 14 rice genotypes would be influenced by be severity of the BLB. Data from the greenhouse trial showed that reactions of the introduced hybrid rice to Xoo pathotype III varied from moderately resistant to resistant, moderately susceptible to susceptible to Xoo pathotype IV, and resistant to moderately Xoo pathotype VIII. In the field, the severity of the BLB disease ranged from 4.2% on Sembada B9 to 11.4% on WCR115 in the DS 2008, and from 4.9% on Sembada B9 to 30.4% on WCR073 in the WS 2008/09. In the DS 2008, the highest grain yield was obtained from Sembada B9 (9.79 t/ha) followed by Sembada B8 (9.6 t/ha), Sembada B3 (9.26 t/ha), and Sembada B5 (9.79 t/ha). In the WS 2008/2009, the highest grain yield was also obtained from Sembada B9 (8.85 t/ha) followed by Sembada B8 (8.80 t/ha), Sembada B3 8.63 t/ha), and Sembada B5 (7.77 t/ha). These four rice hybrids were resistant to Xoo pathotype III. The overall average rice yield in the DS, was higher than that in the WS 2008/2009, presumably as a result of the lower severity BLB disease.

Pewarisan Ketahanan Penyakit Tungro pada Galur Padi OBSTG02-28 Muliadi, Ahmad; Nasrullah, Nasrullah; Sumardiyono, Y. B.; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Tungro is the most important viral disease of rice plant, caused by two types of viruses, namely Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV), transmitted by green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens. Planting resistant varieties proved effective in preventing the occurrence of tungro disease explosion, but the availability of tungro virus resistant varieties are still limited. To determine the best breeding strategy, genetic inheritance model for resistance to tungro disease needs to be studied especially the gene action and the number of genes controlling resistance. For this study, variety TN1 was crossed with OBSTG02-28 to produce F1, F1R, BC1-1, BC1-2, and F2. All crosses were inoculated with tungro virus and visual symptoms of the disease were observed, followed with the ELISA test. Scoring of the disease and ELISA test showed that the resistance of OBSTG02-28 was controlled by two complementary genes with a ratio of 9:7. The additive-dominant of gene action model fitted for the inheritance of resistant gene with additive gene action. The narrow sense heritability was considered high; therefore, selection for gene resistance to tungro disease could be conducted in the early generations.

Penyisipan Gen OsDREB1A pada Tanaman Padi untuk Regenerasi Sifat Toleran Kekeringan Santosa, Budi; Sobir, Sobir; Sujiprihati, Sriani; Trijatmiko, Kurniawan Rudi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Genetic engineering is an alternative technology that can be used to assist breeders for improving the genetic potential of crop variety. Drought tolerant of rice was attempted by applying genetic engineering techniques by introducing gene OsDREB1A using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The experiment was conducted in 2008-2010 at the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resources and Development, Bogor, using the transformation method. Callus derived from seeds of rice varieties Nipponbare was transformed by inserting the gene OsDREB1A, then regenerated and acclimatized to generate putative transgenic rice plants. The transformation of calli derived from 469 rice seeds of variety Nipponbare produced 103 putative transgenic rice plants. Plant heights of the putative transgenic plants obtained were generally lower than the control plants (88 cm). The numbers of rice panicles of the putative transgenic plants were generally less than the control plants (9 panicle). Production of filled grain of the putative transgenic plants were less than the control plants; three plants did not even produce seeds, namely B14(2)4.1a, D5.1, and D18. The results of the PCR analysis showed that all the putative transgenic rice plants were confirmed to carry the gene OsDREB1A.

Identifikasi Varietas/Klon Ubikayu Unggul untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol Ginting, Erliana; Sundari, Titik; Triwiyono, Bambang; Triatmodjo, Triatmodjo
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Cassava is a potential source of raw material for bioethanol production. The study was conducted to identify the suitability of the chemical properties of cassava varieties/clones harvested in different seasons to be used as raw material for bioethanol. The trials were conducted at the Experiment Station and the Laboratory of Microbiology, Center for Starch Technology (BBTP), Research and Assessment of Technology (BPPT) Lampung and at the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Research Institute for Legumes and Tuber, Malang. In 2006, 12 cassava varieties and clones were used, whereas in 2007 eight clones selected from the 12 varieties were used. The crops were harvested at age of 9 months and the tubers were used as raw material for bioethanol production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The variables observed were chemical composition of fresh tubers and ethanol content of bioethanol produced. Cassava tubers harvested in the rainy season (RS) 2007 contained 1 to 10% more moisture from those harvested in the dry season (DS) 2006, followed by a decrease of starch and total sugar content by 1.4 to 6.6% and 0.5-10%, respectively. Clone CMMM 99008-3 had the highest total sugar content when harvested in the DS 2006 (45.3%), but it was lower (37.0%) in the DS 2006 harvest. In the DS 2006 harvest, four varieties/clones had conversion values 4.2 to 4.5 kg of fresh tuber to one liter of 96% bioethanol, i.e., CMM 99008-3, MLG 0311, OMM 9908-4, and UJ-5. In the WS 2007 harvest, four varieties/clones showed conversion values from 4.5 to 5 kg to one liter of 96% bioethanol, i.e., CMM 99008-3, UJ-3, UJ-5, and OMM 9908-4. Five cassava clones harvested in the RS 2007, namely CMM 99008-3, UJ-3, UJ-5, MLG 0311, and OMM 9908-4 produced tubers yield ranging from 29.3 to 38.2 t/ha. Clone UJ-5 produced the highest bioethanol (7,866 l/ha).

Galur Harapan Padi Rawa Toleran Rendaman Hermanasari, Rini; Supartopo, Supartopo; Hairmansis, Aris; Yullianida, Yullianida; Kustianto, Bambang
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The availability of high yielding rice varieties tolerant to water submergence at swamp lowland are limited. The study was aimed to determine tolerances of 6 promising lines of swampy rice to submergence. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Muara Experiment Station, Bogor, West Java, arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. The first factor consisted of 6 promising swampy rice lines and 4 check rice varieties (IR64-Sub1, Swarna-Sub1, IR42, and Batanghari). The second factors consisted of three periods of rice seedlings submergence, i.e., at 6 days (R1), 10 days (R2), and 14 days (R3). The experiment was carried out in accordance with the standard methods. Results of the experiment indicated that the lines tested showed different responses to the submergence, for all observed variables (plant height before submergence, plant height after submergence, and the number of survive plants). Effects of submergences and interaction between submergences and rice genotypes was significant for the number of survive plants. Lines IR40931-1- 3-2 were tolerant to the 6 day submergence and could be considered to be developed into high yielding rice varieties tolerant to submergence as a backup or alternative varieties to IR64-Sub1.

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