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Civil Engineering Dimension

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Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya

ISSN : 14109530 EISSN : 1979570X DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

The Civil Engineering Dimension (Dimensi Teknik Sipil) is a refereed journal, published twice a year, in March and September.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 453 Documents

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Simple Mechanical Beneficiation Method of Coarse Fly Ash with High LOI for Making HVFA Mortar Antoni ,; Vindy Satrya; Djwantoro Hardjito
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 17 No. 1 (2015): MARCH 2015
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

This study focusses on the effect of milling of fly ash obtained from four different sources on the properties of high volume fly ash (HVFA) mortar. Two fly ash samples with low loss-on-ignition (LOI) were taken from a coal-fired power plant, while the other two with high LOIs were obtained from a textile factory and from a paper mill, respectively. Milling was performed using a rod mill at a certain period of time. The workability of HVFA mortar with constant water to cementitious ratio was controlled by adjusting the superplasticizer content. The results show that the specific gravity of fly ash increases after milling. Utilizing milled fly ash ends up with significant strength increase of HVFA mortar, especially those utilizing high LOI fly ash. This shows that milling is an excellent fly ash beneficiation technique, especially on the one with high LOI value.

Predicting Nonlinear Behavior and Stress-Strain Relationship of Rectangular Confined Reinforced Concrete Columns with ANSYS T. Tavio; A. Tata
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 11 No. 1 (2009): MARCH 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

This paper presents a nonlinear finite element modeling and analysis of rectangular normal-strength reinforced concrete columns confined with transverse steel under axial compressive loading. In this study, the columns were modeled as discrete elements using ANSYS nonlinear finite element software. Concrete was modeled with 8-noded SOLID65 elements that can translate either in the x-, y-, or z-axis directions from ANSYS element library. Longitudinal and transverse steels were modeled as discrete elements using 3D-LINK8 bar elements available in the ANSYS element library. The nonlinear constitutive law of each material was also implemented in the model. The results indicate that the stress-strain relationships obtained from the analytical model using ANSYS are in good agreement with the experimental data. This has been confirmed with the insignificant difference between the analytical and experimental, i.e. 5.65 and 2.80 percent for the peak stress and the strain at the peak stress, respectively. The comparison shows that the ANSYS nonlinear finite element program is capable of modeling and predicting the actual nonlinear behavior of confined concrete column under axial loading. The actual stress-strain relationship, the strength gain and ductility improvement have also been confirmed to be satisfactorily.

Generalization of FEM Using Node-Based Shape Functions Kanok-Nukulchai Worsak; Wong F.T.; Sommanawat W.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 17 No. 3 (2015): SPECIAL EDITION
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

In standard FEM, the stiffness of an element is exclusively influenced by nodes associated with the element via its element-based shape functions. In this paper, the authors present a method that can be viewed as a generalization of FEM for which the influence of a node is not limited by a hat function around the node. Shape functions over an element can be interpolated over a predefined set of nodes around the element. These node-based shape functions employ Kriging Interpolations commonly found in geostatistical technique. In this study, a set of influencing nodes are covered by surrounding layers of elements defined as its domain of influence (DOI). Thus, the element stiffness is influenced by not only the element nodes, but also satellite nodes outside the element. In a special case with zero satellite nodes, the method is specialized to the conventional FEM. This method is referred to as Node-Based Kriging FEM or K-FEM. The K-FEM has been tested on 2D elastostatic, Reissner-Mindlin’s plate and shell problems. In all cases, exceptionally accurate displacement and stress fields can be achieved with relatively coarse meshes. In addition, the same set of Kringing shape functions can be used to interpolate the mesh geometry. This property is very useful for representing the curved geometry of shells. The distinctive advantage of the K-FEM is its inheritance of the computational procedure of FEM. Any existing FE code can be easily extended to K-FEM; thus, it has a higher chance to be accepted in practice.

Beam to Column Timber Joints with Pretensioned Bolts Awaludin A.; Hirai T.; Sasaki Y.; Hayashikawa T.; Oikawa A.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 13 No. 2 (2011): SEPTEMBER 2011
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The effects of pretension in bolts on hysteretic response of timber joints exposed to a bending had been reported by the authors, but the cyclic tests were carried out at small displacement level which might not be applicable for earthquake-resistance design. In this study, similar cyclic tests but at large displacement levels were conducted. Beam to column timber joints with steel side plates were fabricated and continuously loaded until failure. At connection, the bolts were pretension in four different magnitudes: 0 kN, 5 kN, 10 kN and 15 kN. The results showed that frictional action between the steel side plates and wood member as a result of bolt pretensioning significantly increased the (frictional) hysteretic damping and the equivalent viscous damping ratio. It is obvious from the test results that the pretension force in bolts has no influence on the maximum joint resistance but decreases the joint rotational deformation.

EVALUASI PENURUNAN TANAH LIAT DENGAN METODE SUB-LAYER Gogot Setyo Budi; Hery Susanto; Sugeng Raharjo Condro
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 5 No. 1 (2003): MARCH 2003
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Consolidation settlement is commonly computed using one-point method, where a clay deposit is assumed as one layer and the stress increase from foundation is taken at the middle of the layer. This method is not accurate for determining consolidation settlement of a thick clay deposit. This paper presents sub-layer method to compute consolidation settlement, which assumes that a clay layer is composed of several thinner layers. The results of both methods were compared to the settlement observed from the three experiments using a model of square footing with dimension of 10 cm by 10 cm, which was laid on a layer of clay. The thickness of the clay layer were 24 cm, 39 cm, and 50 cm or 2.4 B, 3.9 B, 5 B, respectively, where B is the width of the foundation. The result shows that the consolidation settlement calculated using sub-layer method is always greater than that computed using the one-point method and it has a better agreement to the settlement of the models. Minimum number of layers that gives sufficient accuracy of settlement is 10. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Penurunan akibat konsolidasi pada umumnya dihitung dengan memakai metode one-point, dimana lapisan tanah liat dianggap satu lapisan, dan penambahan tegangan akibat beban dari pondasi hanya ditinjau pada tengah-tengah lapisan. Cara ini kurang teliti terutama untuk menghitung penurunan lapisan tanah liat yang tebal. Makalah ini mengemukakan metode sub-layer untuk menghitung penurunan akibat konsolidasi. Metode ini mengasumsikan bahwa suatu lapisan tanah liat terdiri dari beberapa lapisan tipis (sub-layer) dan perhitungan penurunannya dilakukan pada setiap lapisan tersebut. Hasil perhitungan dari kedua metode dibandingkan dengan penurunan yang diperoleh dari tiga percobaan pada model pondasi dengan ukuran panjang 10 cm dan lebar 10 cm, yang diletakkan di atas lapisan tanah liat. Ketebalan lapisan tanah yang dipakai adalah 24 cm, 39 cm, dan 50 cm, atau masing masing sebesar 2.4 B, 3.9 B, dan 5 B, dimana B adalah lebar pondasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan yang dihitung dengan metode sub-layer selalu lebih besar dari penurunan yang dihitung dengan metode one-point, dan lebih mendekati penurunan hasil percobaan. Jumlah layer minimal untuk mendapatkan penurunan yang cukup akurat adalah 10 lapisan.

Comparing Performance of Government and Private Clients in Construction Projects: Contractors’ Perspective Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko; Riqi Radian Khasania
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016): SEPTEMBER 2016
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

By nature, government and private projects have different characteristics, which influence client performance. This research aims to compare performance of government and private clients in construction projects as perceived by contractors. Six client performance indicators were used, i.e. understanding of project requirements, financial, decision making, management skills, supports for contractor, and client’s attitude. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys filled in by 117 respondents. The results show that there is a significant difference between both types of client performance. Three variables related to financial indicators, i.e. timely payment, owner value estimate, and payment approval, rank in the bottom three of the government client performance, but in contrast rank in the top three of the private ones. These results suggest that the government clients’ performance is perceived inferior to the private ones. Establishing a clients’ forum for sharing knowledge and best practices would be a strategic solution to enhance clients’ capacities.

Creep Behaviour of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Wallah S.E.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 12 No. 2 (2010): SEPTEMBER 2010
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is manufactured using fly ash as its source material and does not use Portland cement at all. Beside fly ash, alkaline solution is also utilized to make geopolymer paste which binds the aggregates to form geopolymer concrete. This paper presents the study of creep behaviour of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Four series of specimens with various compressive strengths were prepared to study its creep behaviour for the duration of test up to one year. The test method followed the procedures applied for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. Test results show that fly ash-based geopolymer concrete undergoes low creep which is generally less than that of OPC concrete. After one year of loading, the results for specific creep of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete in this study ranges from 15 to 29 microstrain for concrete compressive strength 67–40 MPa respectively. From the test results, it is also found out that the creep coefficient of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is about half of that predicted using Gilbert’s Method for OPC concrete.

Keandalan Analisa Pushover Untuk Meramal Prilaku Seismik Nonlinier Struktur Portal Terbuka Dengan Reentrant Corner Benjamin Lumantarna; Iksan Gunawan; Eka Wijaya
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 6 No. 1 (2004): MARCH 2004
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

This study is part of an ongoing study on the reliability of static pushover analysis at Petra Christian University. In this study two open frame buildings, five and ten story with re-entrant corner, are designed in accordance with the proposed Indonesian Earthquake Code (SNI 1726-1999, 3rd concept). The seismic performance of these buildings is evaluated using three dimensional static pushover and dynamic nonlinear time history analysis. The ground motions used in the dynamic analysis are spectrum consistent ground motions scaled to maximum acceleration of various return periods. The resulting Capacity Curves (Base Shears vs. Top Floor Displacement) are then compared. It is shown that although the static pushover analysis gives a conservative performance prediction, the predicted capacity curve is getting worse with the higher modes influence. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan dari serangkaian penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap keandalan analisa beban dorong statik (static pushover analysis) di Universitas Kristen Petra. Dalam penelitian ini dua buah struktur portal terbuka terdiri dari struktur lima, dan sepuluh lantai, dengan re-entrant corner sebesar setengah dari intinya, direncanakan sesuai dengan konsep ke-3, SNI 1726-1999. Prilaku seismik ke dua struktur ini dievaluasi menggunakan analisa static pushover dan analisa dinamik nonlinier riwayat waktu. Untuk analisa riwayat waktu digunakan percepatan gempa sintesis yang telah disesuaikan dengan respons spektrum gempa Indonesia dengan menggunakan bermacam-macam percepatan tanah maksimum. Kurva kapasitas yang didapatkan dari analisa static pushover kemudian dibandingkan dengan kurva kapasitas yang didapatkan dengan analisa riwayat waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisa static pushover masih memberikan prediksi kapasitas struktur yang konservatif dan cukup memadai. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa keandalan analisa pushover menurun sejalan dengan bertambahnya pengaruh ragam yang lebih tinggi.

Limitations in Simplified Approach in Assessing Performance of Façade under Blast Pressures Lumantarna, R.; Ngo, T.; Mendis, P.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The main function of building facades, which often consists of glazing windows, is to provide protection to the occupants and contents of the building from external hazards. In a blast event, the facade component of a building may become the weakest link of the structure, whereby its breach may lead to blast pressure ingress and hazardous projectiles into a structure. This paper reports part of a study to establish the performance of glass windows under blast pressures. Two modelling techniques were used to simulate the response of a façade panel. They are the Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) modelling technique and the Finite Element (FE) modelling technique. Although the SDOF approach can be used with a reasonable degree of accuracy, the limitations of its basic assumption lead to loss of details in the idealisation process. This paper presents an attempt to establish performance indices of a façade panel, and to identify the discrepancies between simplified approach and the detailed numerical modelling approach analysis.

MOTIVASI PEKERJA PADA BEBERAPA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI SURABAYA Andi Andi; Dwi Djendoko
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 6 No. 2 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The role of worker motivation is very important in improving construction productivity. In order to increase the motivation, it is essential for management to understand needs of the workers as well as factors motivating and demotivating. This paper aims to determine the needs level, motivators, and demotivators of construction workers in Surabaya based on Maslow and Herzbergâs theories. For the methodology, the study conducted a questionnaire survey, and 263 workers participated in the survey. It is found out that the workers are still at the physiological needs level. Good salary and safety programs are two most important motivators for workers, whereas two most important demotivators are bad treatment by supervisor and insufficient material availability. The paper discusses the findings and proposes solutions to increase workers motivation. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Motivasi kerja memiliki peranan yang penting dalam peningkatan produktifitas dalam industri konstruksi. Untuk dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja pekerja perlu diketahui kebutuhan pekerja pada saat ini, serta pemahaman motivator dan demotivator pekerja oleh supervisor. Berdasarkan latar belakang ini, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menentukan tingkat kebutuhan, motivator dan demotivator pekerja konstruksi. Untuk tujuan tersebut digunakan dua teori motivasi, yaitu teori Maslow dan teori Herzberg, dan dilakukan survei di beberapa proyek konstruksi di Surabaya dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Secara keseluruhan, 263 orang pekerja berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pekerja konstruksi di Surabaya masih berada pada level physiological needs. Upah yang baik dan program keselamatan kerja yang baik menempati posisi tertingi sebagai motivator bagi pekerja. Sedangkan demotivator terpenting bagi pekerja adalah perlakuan yang buruk oleh atasan dan ketersediaan material yang kurang baik. Makalah ini membahas hasil yang didapatkan dan memberikan beberapa usulan untuk meningkatkan motivasi pekerja.

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