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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 17 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February" : 17 Documents clear

Comparison between Analytical Equation and Numerical Methods for Determining Shear Stress in a Cantilever Beam Imad Al-Qasem; A. Rasem Hasan; Mohanad Abdulwahid; Isaac Galobardes
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A three meter-length cantilever beam loaded with a concentrated load at its free end is studied to determine shear stresses. In the present study, three cross sections are considered: rectangle (R); I, and T. The study presents a comparison of maximum shear stresses obtained by means of two methods: classical analytical equation derived by Collingnon, and finite element method (FEM) software. Software programs ANSYS and SAP2000 were used. The results show difference between the maximum shear stresses obtained by the analytical equation and the software, being the last is always higher. The average differences for ANSYS and SAP2000, independently of the cross section, were 12.76% and 11.96%, respectively. Considering these differences, correction factors were proposed to the classical analytical formula for each cross section case to obtain more realistic results. After the correction, the average differences decrease to 1.48% and 4.86%, regardless of the cross section shape.

Damage Detection of Irregular Plates and Regular Dams by Wavelet Transform Combined Adoptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Hamidian, D.; Salajegheh, J.; Salajegheh, E.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper presents a technique for irregular plate and regular dam damage detection based on combination of wavelet with adoptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Many damage detection methods need response of structures (such as the displacements, stresses or mode shapes) before and after damage, but this method only requires response of structures after damage, otherwise many damage detection methods study regular plate but this method also studies irregular plate. First, the structure (irregular plate or regular dam) is modelled by using ANSYS software, the model is analysed and structureâ€™s responses with damage are obtained by finite element approach. Second, the responses at the finite element points with regular distances are obtained by using ANFIS. The damage zone is represented as the elements with reduced elasticity modules. Then these responses of structures are analysed with 2D wavelet transform. It is shown that matrix detail coefficients of 2D wavelet transform can specified the damage zone of plates and regular dams by perturbation in the damaged area.

Optimization of the Allowable Speed on Iran’s Freeways to Reduce Violations and Accidents, Using Zero-Truncated Poisson Regression Model Mansour Hadji Hosseinlou; Alireza Mahdavi; Mojtaba Alinezhad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Countries from all over the world including Iran, consider different maximum allowable speeds to control and maintain traffic safety on their freeways, but these actions have not been successful even with the police surveillance. Even though speeding is not the only cause of accidents, past studies indicate that speed plays a vital role in such events. Since respecting the speed limits have not prevented driving violations and traffic accidents, there’s doubt among decision-makers, about the applicability and safety of these legal speed limits in different weather and traffic conditions. They think perhaps there is a need for an optimized and safe speed after doing required studies. Even in the police instructions and notifications in unfavorable weather conditions, the word “safe speed” is used more than the “legal speed” and its limit is not mentioned and its determination is assigned to drivers according to their mental and physical conditions, type of vehicle, and the weather condition. This matter leads to uncertainty for drivers in selecting the right speed.This research is intended to achieve a safe and optimized speed for freeways in Iran, by considering a reasonable adjustment which is acceptable by the drivers so that a substantial decrease in driving violations and accidents could be observed. This work is done by using models developed for predicting violations and accidents on Iran’s freeways. The results indicate that by reducing the allowable speed of freeways from 125km/h to 105km/h, a 48% and 23% reduction of violations and traffic accidents could be achieved.

Improving Building Longevity, Adaptability, and Sustainability: Examination of Multi-Unit Residential Building Regulations in Taiwan Yi-kai Juan; Yu-Ching Cheng
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Effectively enhancing buildings’ adaptability, extending their service lives, and reducing construction wastes has become a crucial issue in the construction industry. As the transformation of the socio-economic structure and diversification of user demands has grown, occupants in residence may have various needs in different stages, rethinking a sustainable and flexible living space has received substantial focus. “Open building (OB)” is an innovative method to accommodate various changeable occupant spaces, decrease the waste caused by space adjustment and reduce maintenance costs. Although the concept of OB is beneficial for sustainable built environments, the promotion of OB in Taiwan is constrained. One of the obstacles is that the OB approach is partly in conflict with the current building regulations. Without legally developed policies, developers are reluctant to supply OB housing in the market; occupants are unwilling to take the risk of implementing OB approaches in renovation. This study applied a Kano two-dimensional quality model to classify and prioritize OB regulation suggestions proposed by experts in Taiwan. A series of forums and interviews were conducted to develop OB regulations. Barriers and challenges will be discussed for further OB development that can be applied to improve building longevity, adaptability, and sustainability.

Numerical Simulation of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Blast Loading Wenjiao Zhang; Xiangqing Kong; Yandong Qu; Qian Zhao
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Crack is one of the most common defects observed in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. An initial crack will lead to severe changes in the stress state when the structure subjected to blast loadings. Target on acquiring the dynamic data, a finite element method is applied to simulate the response of cracked RC slab subjected to blast loading. The theoretical results of damage distribution and mid-span deflection of normal specimens are first compared with experimental test, which indicates that the dynamic behaviour of RC slab under blast loading can be well predicted by the finite element model. Then blast responses of cracked RC slabs with varied crack parameters (e.g. orientation, width and depth) are systematically studied. Results show that damage of the cracked slab initiates from the initial crack tip of the bottom surface, and then it propagates quickly with cracks found in the support areas on the top surface. In addition, the existence of initial cracks in the RC slab make it subject to more serious damages than the normal RC slab under the same explosive loads, as well as a short reacted failure time. Moreover, variations of crack parameters have slight influences on the distributions of cracked RC slab.

An Analytical Model for Estimating the Vibration Frequency of Structures Located on the Pile Group in the Case of Floating Piles and End-bearing Pile Amiri, Amir Mohammad; Ghanbari, Ali; Derakhshandi, Mahdi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Exact estimation of vibration fundamental period of structures plays a vital role in their designing procedure. The proposition of a relatively exact expression which considers the effects of a pile group on the fundamental period of the structures was of less interest to previous researchers. This study aims to propose an analytical model and expression so as to estimate the free vibration period of the structures located on a pile group. To reach the objectives of this study, several numerical analyses has been carried out using the method of equivalent spring which takes into account the effects of soil-pile-structure interaction on the fundamental period of the structures. In the next step of the study the effects of a pile group on the fundamental period of the structures have been analyzed analytically. In this analytical study two cases have been considered for the piles which are end-bearing and floating piles. In the case of floating piles a five degrees-of-freedom analytical model and its corresponding expression have been proposed considering the soil-pile-structure system. The numerical modelling has been performed using the direct method due to the neglect of the soil in analytical expression and the results have been compared with those of the proposed analytical expression. The soil mass participation coefficient (Î») has been obtained using the discrepancy between the results of the two different methods to modify the analytical expression. In the case of end-bearing piles an analytical model with three degrees-of-freedom and its corresponding expressions has been proposed. Then the soil has been neglected and a new analytical expression has been proposed using the mass participation coefficients adopted from other researches to calculate the fundamental period of the structures. The comparison between the results of the proposed expression and those of case and numerical studies confirms that the proposed expressions benefit from a relative accuracy and can be used as an initial criterion in designing procedure.

Evaluation of Harmony Search Optimization to Predict Local Scour Depth around Complex Bridge Piers Habibeh Ghodsi; Mohammad Javad khanjani; Ali Asghar Beheshti
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the main causes of bridge collapse may be flood flow scour near piers. Several experimental and local field investigations were carried out to study scour depth. However, existing empirical equations do not commonly provide accurate scour prediction due to the complexity of the scour process. Physical and economic considerations often lead to bridge foundation constructs which included a pier column based on a pile cap supported by an array of piles. Piers with this configuration are referred to as complex piers. A few studies have been done on complex bridge pier scour depth estimation. Such efforts may be classified into theoretical and empirical equations. This paper investigates local scour around complex bridge piers by using harmony search algorithm under clear water conditions. Statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and bias were used to evaluate the performance of these methods. By designing laboratory tests, 82 experimental data points were measured by authors. Also 615 experimental data sets with the same measured experimental conditions were collected from published literature and used for optimization. The results show that the developed HS model can predict scour depth better than other equations according to statistical indices.

Mechanistic Approach for Reducing the Thickness of Asphalt Layer Incorporating Steel Slag Aggregate Adham Mohammed Alnadish; Yusri Mohamad Aman
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of reducing the thickness of asphalt layer as a novel solution for the high density of asphalt layer incorporated with steel slag aggregate, which increase the cost of transportation. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design (MEPDG) approach was employed to evaluate the benefits of introducing polyvinyl alcohol fiber in terms of reducing the thickness of asphalt layer as well as the extension service life of asphalt layer. On the other hand, the correlation between creep strain slope (CSS) and secant creep stiffness modulus (SCSM) were assessed to provide a better evaluation and understanding concerning of the outputs of the dynamic creep test. The findings of this study showed that introducing polyvinyl alcohol fiber into the mixtures at the optimum content (0.5 kg/ton) have reduced the thickness of asphalt layer by approximately 10%. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol fiber has increased the performance of the asphalt mixtures concerning of resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Furthermore, the correlation between CSS and SCSM was strong, which indicates that evaluation of permanent deformation using CSS and SCSM parameters provides better actual assessment than accumulation strain.

Investigation of Performance of Soil-Cement Pile in Support of Foundation Systems for High-Rise Buildings Dao Huu Do; Tuan A. Pham
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper presents the experimental study of Soil-Cement Pile (SCpile) by wet mixing method in sandy soils, with the typical project at An Trung Complex apartment, Da Nang city, Vietnam. With the characteristic of soil layers is sandy soil, the strength of laboratory stabilized soils with the amount of cement from 150¸300 kg/m3 was determined. Simultaneously, the authors also performed the experiments of 20 test piles collected from the site which has cement content about 280 kg/m3 and the unconfined compressive strength qu= (4.5-6.0) MPa. After that, a full-scale model static axial compressive load tests of two single piles and a group of four piles with diameter 800 mm and 12 m length were also conducted. The experiment results show that the bearing capacity of every single pile is 1.200 kN with settlement 6.93 mm and the group of four CSpiles is 3.200 kN with settlement 5.03 mm. The results presented in the paper illustrate that SCpile is the suitable solution for foundation construction process with low cost and saving time for high rise buildings. The result shows a capable application of soil cement piles for support of high-rise buildings.

Relations between Texture Coefficient and Energy Consumption of Gang Saws in Carbonate Rock Cutting Process Alireza Dormishi; Mohammad Ataei; Reza Mikaeil; Reza Khalo Kakaei
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Texture coefficient is one of the most influential parameters in rock engineering specifications in various projects including drilling, cutting, permeability of all-section drilling devices, etc. Meanwhile, investigating and forecasting the energy consumption of saw cutters are one of the most important factors in estimating the cutting costs. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between rock texture characteristics and the amount of energy consumption of the gang saw machine in the process of cutting carbonate rocks. To evaluate the effects of texture on the rocks' engineering specifications, 14 carbonate rock samples were studied. A microscopic thin section was made from each rock specimen. Then, five digital images were taken from each section under a microscope and the values of area, environment, the largest diameter and the smallest diameter of all grains in each image were determined. Using these specifications, the coefficient of texture of all rock samples was calculated and the relationship between the texture coefficient and the rate of energy consumption of the gang saw machine was investigated for the studied samples. The study results indicated that there was a significant relation between the texture coefficient and energy consumption rate in the three groups of carbonate rocks.

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