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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 23 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September" : 23 Documents clear

The Effectiveness Investigation of New Retrofitting Techniques for RC Frame against Progressive Collapse MohsenAli Shayanfar; Mohammad Bigonah; Danial Sobhani; Masoud Zabihi-Samani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Progressive collapse in a building has caused local and subsequent damage throughout the system to spread and large-scale causes the collapse of the entire building. Progressive collapse is usually due to fire, gas explosion, terrorist attack, vehicle collisions, misplaced design and construction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the iMPact of this phenomenon and rebuild the building against it. Based on this, in this research, we will examine and evaluate practical solutions for reinforcing reinforced concrete frames against progressive collapse. The proposed solutions in this study were the use of reinforcing bars at the top and bottom of the beam, the effect of the layout of the cross section reinforcement for the participation in the chain performance, the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheet at the bottom and three sides of the beam and the effect of the additional layer of CFRP sheet in the section performance of the beam against progressive collapse. In this study, a 2-story frame is modeled using OpenSees software and retrofitted with the above techniques, and the effectiveness of each of these techniques is evaluated in the final performance. The results show that the best approach to reinforcing the beam is by rebar and CFRP, which has resulted in improved chain performance and the greatest reduction of vertical displacement in the beam.

A Systematic Review of Affective Factors on Locating Specialized Hospitals Mehrinejad Khotbehsara, Elham; Safari, Hossein
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Considering the importance of ways and accessibility in today's busy life, choosing the right place is one of the necessities of each project. It is worth saying that the sensitivity of the patient's condition and related issues has made the hospital locating more important and also it must be noted the different dimensions of health or disease affect each other and is influenced by each other. Indeed, data analysis suggests that the goal of designing a therapeutic centres should not only be included of physical therapy of individuals but in addition to the provision of health services, providing mental and psychological needs of users is one of the most basic design goals of such places. Therefore the hospital locating is taking place in Rasht led to a tree diagram for hospital locating factors based on a summary of scientists and researchers backgrounds which corresponding analysis was made by analysing the selected site and numbering matrixes based on tree diagram. The results of the matrix with an average of 1.31 out of 2 indicate that the selected field is suitable to construct a hospital from locating perspective.

Cross Sectional Crash Severity Analysis among Various Vehicle Driver Characteristics Amir Abbas Rassafi; Mirbahador Yazdani; Bahram Shirini
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The current study evaluated road crashes in three categories of drivers: passenger car drivers, heavy vehicle drivers and pickup truck drivers. The crash data of road crashes that occurred from 2009 to 2012 in Iranian suburban roads were analyzed. The crashes involved 194,041 damage, 9,677 injury and 1,303 fatality crashes. Because of the ordinal nature of crash severity, ordered logit model was selected for each vehicle driver category. In the passenger car driver category, the independent variables of driver’s gender, driver’s age and driver’s educational level (uneducated, less than high school diploma, high school diploma) were obtained for modeling; in the heavy vehicle driver category, the independent variables of driver’s age and driver’s educational level (uneducated, less than high school diploma) were obtained for modeling, and in the pickup truck driver category, the independent variables of driver’s age and driver’s educational level (uneducated, high school diploma) were obtained for modeling. The variable of driver’s gender with respect to passenger cars shows that crashes by female drivers are more severe than those involving male drivers in suburban roads. Regarding the variable of driver’s age, if the driver’s age increases in each vehicle driver category, the probability of occurrence of a severe crash will decrease. The variable of driver’s educational level shows that the severity of crashes involving a driver that has a low level of education is more compared with a driver that has a high level of education.

Effects of Temperature in Different Initial Duration Time for Soft Clay Stabilized by Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Abdalla Mohammed Shihab; Jasim M Abbas; Amer M Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

When soft clay soils are included in engineering projects, it’s stabilized usually with some kinds of admixtures named as stabilizers. The common stabilizers that highly practiced are OPC, lime, high calcium fly ash (FA), etc. Each one of these stabilizers has its shortcomings. Geopolymers are the product of alkali activated aluminosilicate sources that excelled as an alternative to ordinary binders due to its sustainability, low cost and good mechanical properties. This study investigates the effects of some key elements like liquid over fly ash ratio (Liq/FA), initial duration curing time (D) and its temperature to soil – FA based Geopolymers samples characterized by its unconfined compressive strength testing (UCS), volumetric measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The Liq/FA taken as 2.71, 3.167, 3.8 and 4.75 respectively and the duration time taken were 1, 6, 18 and 24 hrs. respectively. The tests results showed that the maximum peak strength gain when Liq/FA is 3.8 at 90 oC with 24 hrs. D. It was observed that Young’s Modulus increased with increasing curing temperature for certain D. Volumetric strain increased by increasing D and its temperature. SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the Geopolymers gels formation for a selective precursor while EDX analyses showed that silicon over aluminium ratio is 1.38 for selective spectrum within the gel to the same mixture.

The Idea of Designing an Amphitheater in the Besh Qardash of Bojnord (Tourist Destination and Recreational Region) with Stretch Fabric Structures Mojgan Ghorbanzadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the criteria for sustainable design is "the principle of adaptation to local regions". In this case, the native, historical, cultural and specific characteristics of the region are considered. This study tried to use an idea of designing an amphitheater in the Besh Qardash of Bojnourd (tourist destination and recreational region) with stretch fabric structures as the contemporary structural systems that have a certain similarity to nomadic tents which along with being in line with the historical and cultural elements of the region, including the historical tomb next to the spring, present a combination of modern and local architecture. This can be a great help to hold ceremonies and cultural events in this location, such as holding traditional wrestling competitions (Ba Chukhe) and horse racing (Turkman horse) in special time of the year. In the following parts, along with introducing the geographical and climatic conditions of the region by examining the technical and executive characteristics of stretch fabric structures, the results will be presented.

A Fuzzy Inference System in Constructional Engineering Projects to Evaluate the Design Codes for RC Buildings Reza Kamgar; Sayyed Morteza Hatefi; Noorollah Majidi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Economical design of a building is one of the main aims that should be followed because of its importance in constructional projects. In order to have an economical design, longitudinal reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete members are among those parts of the structure that can be designed economically. The application of fuzzy inference systems provides an effective tools to handle the uncertainties and subjectivities arising in the designing process of buildings. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to propose a fuzzy inference system to evaluate the building design codes from an economical point of view. For this purpose, after designing the mentioned fuzzy inference system, three examples of three-dimensional concrete buildings are analyzed and designed using different codes. For all these codes, the structural properties of concrete buildings, the gravity and the seismic loads are considered to be the same. Finally, it finds that the fuzzy logic theory is an effective and practical tool to compute a value that shows the distance between the designed building and the economically designed building. Also, it concludes that between the studied codes, (EUROCODE 2-1992, Hong Kong CP-04, CSA A23.3-04 and ACI 318-05), the ACI 318-05 and Hong Kong CP04 codes lead to a more economical design for taller buildings. For low-rise buildings, the CSA A23.3-04 and ACI 318-05 codes lead to an economical design. Also, the EUROCODE 2-1992 has a minimum value for the economical design of all the considered buildings.

Study on Vernacular Architecture Patterns to Improve Natural Ventilation Estimating in Humid Subtropical Climate Abdollah Baghaei Daemei; Parisa Haghgooy Osmavandani; Maede Samim Nikpey
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Wind ventilation is an efficient design strategy for the natural cooling system (NCS) in humid climates. The building forms can generate different pressures and temperatures to induce natural ventilation. This study has been carried out in Rasht city, Iran in 2017. The method was performed using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach simulation to study variance between the proposed and the actual results of a design. The goal of the study is to assist architects to design optimum building form for natural ventilation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the form on natural ventilation. On this basis, wind flow simulation was performed using Design Builder Version 4.5. In this paper, the present usage of natural ventilation of rural residential buildings in Rasht area the application of this methodology. Initially, wind simulation was carried out based on actual building specifications. Then the proposed L-shaped extension was added to the building. The results showed that if the rectangular form is turned into an L shape, it can offer a better flow pattern for wind in all rooms, but the speed will be reduced.

Review on Different Beneficial Ways of Applying Alum Sludge in a Sustainable Disposal Manner Odimegwu, Temple Chimuanya; Zakaria, I.; Abood, M. M.; Nketsiah, C. B. K.; Ahmad, M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Disposal of waste from water treatment plant is one of the major issues most treatment plants seem not to overcome due to the constant generation of this waste as a result of meeting the demand of water and purification of water for human consumption. The effect of disposing sludge constantly in the environment has called for an economical and sustainable way of reusing alum sludge. However, this paper aimed at reviewing the possible literature on applying waste from water treatment plant in various ways, example; in building material; as brick and tiles, in concrete ; as replacement of cement and aggregate, in Geotechnics; as soil stabilizer and in agriculture; as soil fertilizer, in pottery; use as replacement of clay in flower pot production for sustainable disposal. All the above mentioned categories of uses have reviled an effective and efficient way in managing waste from water treatment plant (alum sludge), also a safer and economical manner of disposal.Â However, the effects when used and the behaviour when it is incorporated with other materials were highlighted, other reuse and disposal options where discussed and the areas not covered (knowledge gap) was identified.

Designing Human Health Risk Management Model for Dam Construction Projects R. Ghorbanalipour; AM. Ahmadvand; M. Ahmadvand; H. Eghbali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Identifying the risks of dam construction projects due to their high importance in terms of utilization, the amount of investment they invest in, the location of the region, the nature of the complexity of the project, and the presence of many uncertainties, including natural disasters and costs High builds are of special importance. Selection and implementation of the project with the least risk can lead to economic savings, optimal use of resources, increased productivity, flood control and supply of drinking water, agriculture and industry. Based on the results of this study, the "human factors" factor in the probability of occurrence and outcome in the category of severity of risk was the highest score among the indicators related to risk factors assessment of dam construction projects. In this research, first, identify the main risks of the project through a questionnaire and then identify the response strategies for the most critical risks, and finally, with the help of the decision model, prepare and, through paired comparisons, the best strategy for the most important human risk factors in the Polrood dam project is selected. In order to assess the risk in the dam, the risk parameters were identified and prioritized in different stages of the project, as well as 16 sub-subsets in four categories of risk factors: human, technical-environmental, environmental and psychological factors, and using the method DEMATEL-ANP were evaluated and ranked. "The lack of sufficient training to use devices and tools" was the most critical.

The Effect of Styrofoam Artificial Lightweight Aggregate (ALWA) on Compressive Strength of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) Darayani, Dhiafah Hera; Tavio, Tavio; Raka, I G. P.; Puryanto, Puryanto
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a fresh concrete that is able to flow and fill up the formwork by itself without the need of a vibrator to compact it. One of the reasons that causes the damage of a building structure during an earthquake is the heavy weight of its structural members which are from the high density of the material used such concrete material. Lightweight aggregate is one of the solutions to reduce the weight of the structure. Therefore, the SCC using the artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA) is one of the solutions to reduce the self-weight (dead load) of a structure. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of the use of ALWA in conventional concrete and SCC in terms of its compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. To study the impact of the use of ALWA in SCC, several variation of percentage of ALWA as a substitution to the natural coarse aggregate was examined. The proportions of ALWA as a replacement to the coarse aggregate were 0%, 15%, 50%, and 100%. The test specimens were the cylindrical concrete of 200 mm in height and 100 mm in diameter for both compressive strength and modulus of elasticity tests. The results of the compressive strength test indicated that the higher the percentage of ALWA used in SCC, the lower the compressive strength of the concrete. The addition of ALWA as a substitution to the natural coarse aggregate to conventional concrete and SCC was found optimum at 15% replacement with the compressive strength of conventional concrete and SCC of 21.13 and 28.33 MPa, respectively. Whereas, the modulus of elasticity of the conventional concrete and SCC were found to be 20,843.99 and 23,717.77 MPa, respectively.

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